a normal adult bladder has the capacity to hold up to how many ml of urine before involuntary micturition is likely to occur

ATI RN

ATI Anatomy and Physiology

1. What is the maximum capacity of a normal adult bladder before involuntary micturition is likely to occur?

A. 800-900ml
B. 300-600ml
C. 1000-2000ml
D. 400-700ml

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: 300-600ml. A normal adult bladder can hold approximately 300-600ml of urine before the urge to urinate becomes strong and involuntary micturition is likely to occur. Choice A (800-900ml), Choice C (1000-2000ml), and Choice D (400-700ml) all exceed the typical capacity of a normal adult bladder and would generally not be accurate in the context of involuntary micturition.

2. Which of the following may indicate hypersecretion of thyroid hormone?

A. weight loss
B. Bradycardia
C. cold intolerance
D. lethargy

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Weight loss is a common symptom of hyperthyroidism, which is characterized by an excess secretion of thyroid hormone. This increased metabolic rate can lead to weight loss despite normal or increased appetite. Bradycardia (slow heart rate), cold intolerance, and lethargy are more commonly associated with hypothyroidism, where there is an insufficient production of thyroid hormone. Therefore, choices B, C, and D are incorrect in the context of hypersecretion of thyroid hormone.

3. What is homeostasis?

A. The inability to keep body weight within normal limits.
B. Room temperature decreasing because a window is open.
C. Ingestion of more food than needed.
D. The tendency of the body to maintain a stable internal environment.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Homeostasis refers to the body's ability to maintain a stable internal environment despite external changes. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect. Choice A describes obesity, choice B describes a specific scenario with room temperature, and choice C refers to overeating, which is not related to homeostasis.

4. Which of the following electrolytes plays an essential role in the clotting of blood?

A. sodium
B. magnesium
C. calcium
D. potassium

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Calcium plays an essential role in the clotting of blood by being involved in several steps of the coagulation process. It is necessary for the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin, which is a crucial step in forming blood clots. Sodium, magnesium, and potassium do not directly participate in the clotting cascade and are not associated with the coagulation process. Therefore, the correct answer is calcium.

5. Why are anatomy and physiology difficult to separate?

A. Physiological functions depend on anatomical structures.
B. Physiological functions in an organism are ongoing.
C. Body parts provide structural support.
D. Our understanding of physiology is changing more than our understanding of anatomy.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Anatomy and physiology are difficult to separate because physiological functions depend on anatomical structures. The correct answer highlights the interdependence between the two disciplines; physiological functions are carried out by anatomical structures. Choice B is incorrect as it only states a characteristic of physiological functions without addressing the relationship with anatomy. Choice C is incorrect as it talks about body parts providing structural support, which is not directly related to the interdependence of anatomy and physiology. Choice D is incorrect because the rate of change in understanding does not necessarily dictate the difficulty of separating the two disciplines.