ATI RN
ATI Anatomy and Physiology
1. What is the maximum capacity of a normal adult bladder before involuntary micturition is likely to occur?
- A. 800-900ml
- B. 300-600ml
- C. 1000-2000ml
- D. 400-700ml
Correct answer: 300-600ml
Rationale: The correct answer is B: 300-600ml. A normal adult bladder can hold approximately 300-600ml of urine before the urge to urinate becomes strong and involuntary micturition is likely to occur. Choice A (800-900ml), Choice C (1000-2000ml), and Choice D (400-700ml) all exceed the typical capacity of a normal adult bladder and would generally not be accurate in the context of involuntary micturition.
2. Nathaniel has severe pruritus due to having hepatitis B. What is the best intervention for his comfort?
- A. Give tepid baths.
- B. Avoid lotions and creams.
- C. Use hot water to increase vasodilation.
- D. Use cold water to decrease the itching.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Giving tepid baths can help soothe severe pruritus due to hepatitis B.
3. A nurse is caring for a newborn who has neonatal abstinence syndrome. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
- A. Swaddle the newborn tightly
- B. Provide frequent tactile stimulation
- C. Position the newborn in a prone position
- D. Offer large feedings every 4 hours
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct action for the nurse to take when caring for a newborn with neonatal abstinence syndrome is to swaddle the newborn tightly. Swaddling helps to provide comfort and reduce irritability in these newborns. Choice B, providing frequent tactile stimulation, may exacerbate the symptoms of neonatal abstinence syndrome by overstimulating the newborn. Choice C, positioning the newborn in a prone position, is not recommended as it increases the risk of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). Choice D, offering large feedings every 4 hours, is not appropriate as newborns with neonatal abstinence syndrome may have feeding difficulties and need smaller, more frequent feedings.
4. Devastated by a divorce from an abusive husband, a wife completes grief counseling. Which statement by the wife should indicate to a nurse that the client is in the acceptance stage of grief?
- A. If only we could have tried again, things might have worked out.
- B. I am so mad that the children and I had to put up with him as long as we did.
- C. Yes, it was a difficult relationship, but I think I have learned from the experience.
- D. I still don't have any appetite and continue to lose weight.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The nurse should recognize that the client is in the acceptance stage of grief based on the statement 'Yes, it was a difficult relationship, but I think I have learned from the experience.' In this statement, the client is acknowledging the difficulty of the relationship but also expressing personal growth and learning from the experience, indicating acceptance. Choices A, B, and D do not reflect the acceptance stage of grief. Choice A shows a sense of regret and a wish for things to have turned out differently. Choice B demonstrates lingering anger towards the ex-husband. Choice D suggests ongoing physical manifestations of grief like loss of appetite and weight loss, which are more indicative of earlier stages of grief.
5. Tatiana has been hospitalized for an acute manic episode. On admission, the nurse suspects lithium toxicity. What assessment findings would indicate the nurse's suspicion as correct?
- A. Shortness of breath, gastrointestinal distress, chronic cough
- B. Ataxia, severe hypotension, large volume of dilute urine
- C. Gastrointestinal distress, thirst, nystagmus
- D. Electroencephalographic changes, chest pain, dizziness
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. Ataxia, severe hypotension, and a large volume of dilute urine are classic signs of lithium toxicity. Ataxia refers to a lack of muscle coordination, severe hypotension indicates dangerously low blood pressure, and the large volume of dilute urine is a result of the kidneys' inability to concentrate urine properly, a common feature of lithium toxicity.
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