Nursing Elites

1. You are to measure the client's initial blood pressure reading by doing all of the following EXCEPT:

• A. Take the blood pressure reading on both arms for comparison
• B. Listen to and identify the phases of Korotkoff sounds
• C. Pump the cuff to around 50 mmHg above the point where the pulse is obliterated
• D. Observe procedures for infection control

Correct answer: B

Rationale: When measuring blood pressure, it is crucial to follow specific steps to obtain accurate readings. Taking the blood pressure on both arms for comparison helps assess any variations. Pumping the cuff to around 50 mmHg above the point of pulse obliteration ensures accurate measurements. Observing procedures for infection control is vital to prevent the spread of infections. Listening to and identifying the phases of Korotkoff sounds are associated with auscultatory blood pressure measurements, not the initial blood pressure reading process.

2. What does a QRS Complex represent in an ECG reading?

• A. Atrial depolarization
• B. Ventricular repolarization
• C. Ventricular depolarization
• D. End of ventricular depolarization

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The QRS Complex in an ECG reading represents ventricular depolarization, which is the process of the heart's ventricles preparing to contract by changing the electrical charge in the cell, hence choice 'C' is the correct answer. Choice 'A' is incorrect because atrial depolarization is represented by the P wave in an ECG reading, not the QRS Complex. Choice 'B' is incorrect as ventricular repolarization is depicted by the T wave, not the QRS Complex. Finally, choice 'D' is also incorrect because the QRS Complex is not the end of ventricular depolarization, but the process itself.

3. A pregnant woman has applied to use WIC services to supplement her food intake. The WIC program would provide vouchers for _____ in this situation.

• A. lean beef
• B. fruit-flavored yogurt
• C. whole grain bread
• D. refried beans

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: whole grain bread. The WIC program aims to provide nutritious foods to support a healthy diet during pregnancy. Whole grain bread is a good source of fiber and essential nutrients. Choice A, lean beef, is a protein source but may not be as versatile as whole grain bread in providing a variety of nutrients essential during pregnancy. Choice B, fruit-flavored yogurt, may contain added sugars and may not offer the same level of essential nutrients as whole grain bread. Choice D, refried beans, is a good source of protein and fiber, but whole grain bread is often a staple recommended in pregnancy for its nutritional benefits.

4. During early tooth development, vitamin A deficiency leads to enamel hypoplasia and defective dentin formation. Because of its effect on soft tissues and bone, vitamin A contributes to normal spacing of teeth.

• A. Both statements are true.
• B. Both statements are false.
• C. The first statement is true; the second is false.
• D. The first statement is false; the second is true.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Both statements are true. The effect of vitamin A on the growth of soft tissues and bones naturally extends to the teeth and surrounding structures. Enamel hypoplasia, involving defective enamel matrix and incomplete calcification of enamel and dentin, can be due to vitamin A deficiency. The effect of this vitamin upon surrounding bone directly affects spacing patterns of the teeth within the bone and dentition. Choice A is correct because both statements accurately describe the influence of vitamin A on tooth development. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they do not reflect the accuracy of the statements provided.

5. The principal cation in plasma and interstitial fluid is:

• A. Sodium
• B. Potassium
• C. Calcium
• D. Magnesium

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The principal cation in plasma and interstitial fluid is sodium. Sodium plays a crucial role in maintaining fluid balance and is the primary cation in extracellular fluids like plasma and interstitial fluid. Potassium is the primary cation within cells, not in extracellular fluids, making it an incorrect choice. Calcium and magnesium are essential minerals but are not the principal cations in plasma and interstitial fluid, so they are also incorrect choices.

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