Nursing Elites

1. You are the nurse evaluating a newly admitted patients laboratory results, which include several values that are outside of reference ranges. Which of the following would cause the release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)?

• A. Increased serum sodium
• B. Decreased serum potassium
• C. Decreased hemoglobin
• D. Increased platelets

Correct answer: A

Rationale:

2. Which positive ion is most prevalent in intracellular fluid?

• A. Calcium
• B. Potassium
• C. Sodium
• D. Magnesium

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is Potassium (K+). Potassium is the predominant cation found within cells, making it the most prevalent positive ion in intracellular fluid. Calcium, sodium, and magnesium are also essential ions in the body, but they are not as abundant in intracellular fluid. Calcium is vital for bone health and muscle function, sodium helps in maintaining fluid balance and nerve function, and magnesium is involved in numerous biochemical reactions.

3. A nurse teaches a client who is being discharged home with a peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC). Which statement should the nurse include in this clients teaching?

• A. avoid carrying your grandchild with the arm that has the central catheter.
• B. Be sure to place the arm with the central catheter in a sling during the day
• C. Flush the peripherally inserted central catheter line with normal saline daily.
• D. You can use the arm with the central catheter for most activities of daily living.

Correct answer: A

Rationale:

4. The nurse assessing skin turgor in an elderly patient should remember that:

• A. Overhydration causes the skin to tent.
• B. Dehydration causes the skin to appear edematous and spongy.
• C. Inelastic skin turgor is a normal part of aging.
• D. Normal skin turgor is moist and boggy.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Inelastic skin turgor is a normal part of aging. Dehydration, not overhydration, causes inelastic skin with tenting. Overhydration, not dehydration, causes the skin to appear edematous and spongy. Normal skin turgor is dry and firm. Choice A is incorrect because overhydration does not cause the skin to tent; it is dehydration that leads to tenting. Choice B is incorrect because dehydration, not overhydration, causes the skin to appear edematous and spongy. Choice D is incorrect because normal skin turgor is dry and firm, not moist and boggy.

5. Under normal circumstances, the kidneys provide the greatest means of water loss. Which organ provides the second greatest means of water loss?

• A. Skin
• B. Lungs
• C. Intestines
• D. Muscles

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Skin. After the kidneys, the skin is the second largest route of water loss through perspiration. Choice B, Lungs, is incorrect as the lungs primarily exchange gases and do not play a significant role in water loss. Choice C, Intestines, is also incorrect as water loss through the intestines is minimal since most water is reabsorbed during digestion. Choice D, Muscles, is incorrect as muscles are not a major source of water loss in the body.

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