ATI RN
ATI Fluid Electrolyte and Acid-Base Regulation
1. After teaching a client to increase dietary potassium intake, a nurse assesses the client's understanding. Which dietary meal selection indicates the client correctly understands the teaching?
- A. Toasted English muffin with butter and blueberry jam, and tea with sugar
- B. Two scrambled eggs, a slice of white toast, and a half cup of strawberries
- C. Sausage, one slice of whole wheat toast, half cup of raisins, and a glass of milk
- D. Bowl of oatmeal with brown sugar, a half cup of sliced peaches, and coffee
Correct answer: Sausage, one slice of whole wheat toast, half cup of raisins, and a glass of milk
Rationale: Choice C is the correct answer as it includes foods high in potassium, such as raisins, whole wheat toast, and milk. Potassium is essential for various bodily functions, including maintaining proper heart and muscle function. Choices A, B, and D do not contain significant sources of potassium. Choice A consists mainly of carbohydrates and sugar, choice B focuses on protein and carbohydrates, and choice D provides carbohydrates and some fruit but lacks high-potassium options like in choice C.
2. A patient with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is prescribed escitalopram. The nurse should educate the patient that the full therapeutic effect of this medication may take:
- A. 1-2 days
- B. 1-2 weeks
- C. 2-4 weeks
- D. 6-8 weeks
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Escitalopram, an SSRI used in treating generalized anxiety disorder, typically takes 6-8 weeks to achieve its full therapeutic effect. While some improvement may be noticed earlier, the maximum benefit is usually experienced after this timeframe. Options A, B, and C are incorrect because they underestimate the time required for escitalopram to reach its full effectiveness. Educating patients about the realistic timeline for medication effectiveness is crucial in managing expectations and ensuring adherence to the prescribed treatment.
3. The two main types of designs used in all research on human behavior are __________ and __________.
- A. observational; experimental
- B. correlational; experimental
- C. observational; correlational
- D. variable; observational Answer: B Page Ref: 31 Skill Level: Remember and limitations of each. Topic: Studying Development Difficulty Level: Easy
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The two main types of designs used in all research on human behavior are correlational and experimental. Correlational research examines the relationship between two or more variables without establishing causation, while experimental research involves manipulating one variable to observe the effect on another variable. These two types of designs are fundamental in understanding and studying human behavior.
4. A nasogastric tube for suction is ordered for a neonate diagnosed with a diaphragmatic hernia. Which complication related to gastric drainage is the priority when planning care for this neonate?
- A. Weight loss
- B. Metabolic alkalosis
- C. Dehydration
- D. Hyperbilirubinemia
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Metabolic alkalosis is the priority complication to consider when a neonate with a diaphragmatic hernia is placed on gastric suction. Prolonged gastric drainage can lead to the loss of stomach acids, resulting in metabolic alkalosis, which can have serious consequences for the neonate's health.
5. A nurse orientee is preparing to insert a nasogastric tube, and a nurse educator is observing the procedure. Which of the following supplies if obtained by the nurse orientee would indicate a need for further education regarding this procedure?
- A. Half-inch or one-inch tape
- B. Oil-soluble lubricant
- C. A glass of tap water with a straw
- D. A 50-mL catheter tip syringe
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Water-soluble lubricant is used to lubricate 3 to 4 inches of the tube at the insertion end. An oil lubricant is not used because if the tube accidentally goes into the bronchus, pneumonia can develop. Half-inch tape is used to secure the tube after the correct placement is verified. A 50-mL catheter tip syringe is used to aspirate gastric contents to confirm placement. The client will be asked to take a sip of water through a straw to help with the passage of the tube.
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