ATI RN
ATI Fluid and Electrolytes
1. How would a decrease in blood protein concentration impact the fluid volumes?
- A. increase interstitial fluid volume.
- B. decrease blood plasma volume.
- C. decrease interstitial fluid volume.
- D. increase interstitial fluid volume and decrease blood plasma volume.
Correct answer: D
Rationale: A decrease in blood protein concentration would lead to a reduction in osmotic pressure, which is responsible for drawing fluid back into the capillaries. This decrease in osmotic pressure would result in an increase in interstitial fluid volume as fluid moves out of the capillaries, and a decrease in blood plasma volume as less fluid is drawn back into the circulation. Therefore, the correct answer is to increase interstitial fluid volume and decrease blood plasma volume. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because they do not reflect the impact of decreased blood protein concentration on fluid volumes.
2. A nurse in a provider's office is reviewing the laboratory results of a group of clients. Which of the following sexually transmitted infections is a nationally notifiable infectious disease that should be reported to the state health department?
- A. Chlamydia
- B. Human papillomavirus
- C. Candidiasis
- D. Herpes simplex virus
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Chlamydia is the correct answer. Chlamydia is a sexually transmitted infection that is considered a nationally notifiable infectious disease, meaning healthcare providers are required to report cases to public health authorities. Reporting such cases is crucial for disease surveillance and implementing appropriate control measures. Human papillomavirus, Candidiasis, and Herpes simplex virus are not nationally notifiable infectious diseases and do not require mandatory reporting to the state health department.
3. The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system plays an important role in maintaining blood pressure. Which compound in this system is most powerful at raising blood pressure?
- A. Angiotensin I
- B. Angiotensin II
- C. Angiotensin III
- D. Renin
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Angiotensin II is the most potent compound in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system for raising blood pressure. It acts as a powerful vasoconstrictor, leading to increased systemic vascular resistance. Angiotensin II is formed from angiotensin I through the action of the angiotensin-converting enzyme. While renin initiates the cascade by converting angiotensinogen to angiotensin I, it is angiotensin II that exerts the strongest pressor effect.
4. A nurse is providing teaching about newborn care to a group of parents. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
- A. You should not bathe your newborn every day.
- B. You should avoid covering your newborn with a heavy blanket during naps.
- C. You should expect your newborn's stools to be soft and yellow.
- D. You should keep your newborn's head elevated while they sleep.
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: 'You should keep your newborn's head elevated while they sleep.' Keeping the newborn's head elevated while sleeping helps prevent conditions like sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). Choice A is incorrect because newborns do not need to be bathed every day; it is recommended to bathe them 2-3 times a week. Choice B is incorrect as heavy blankets can increase the risk of suffocation for newborns. Choice C is incorrect as newborn stools are typically soft and yellow in color, not firm and light brown.
5. What information will the nurse include in teaching a female patient who has peripheral arterial disease, type 2 diabetes, and sensory neuropathy of the feet and legs?
- A. Select flat-soled leather shoes
- B. Apply heating pads on a low temperature.
- C. Avoid using callus remover for corns or calluses.
- D. Refrain from soaking feet in warm water for an hour each day.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is to select flat-soled leather shoes. Patients with peripheral arterial disease, type 2 diabetes, and sensory neuropathy are at risk for foot injuries due to decreased sensation and poor circulation. Flat-soled leather shoes can help prevent injuries and provide adequate support without causing pressure points. Choice B is incorrect as using heating pads can lead to burns for patients with sensory neuropathy. Choice C is wrong because using callus remover may lead to skin damage for patients with compromised circulation. Choice D is not recommended as soaking feet in warm water can further damage the skin due to decreased sensation.
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