Nursing Elites

1. You are developing a plan of care for a hospitalized child. Which age group is most likely to view illness as a punishment for misdeeds?

• A. Adolescence
• B. Preschool age
• C. Infancy
• D. School age

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Preschool-aged children often engage in magical thinking, where they may believe that illness is a punishment for misdeeds. This belief is related to their cognitive development stage, where they may attribute cause and effect in a magical or unrealistic way. Adolescents are more likely to view illness as a disruption to their sense of independence or control. Infants lack the cognitive development to associate illness with punishment for misdeeds. School-aged children typically have a more concrete understanding of illness and its causes, moving away from magical thinking.

2. An infant is suspected of having esophageal atresia/tracheoesophageal fistula. While waiting for the pediatrician to see the infant, which action should the nurse take?

• A. Position the infant with the head of the bed slightly elevated
• B. Allow the infant to bond with the mother in her room
• C. Offer the infant breastfeeding instead of formula feeding
• D. Wrap the infant in blankets and place in a crib by the viewing window

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Positioning the infant with the head of the bed elevated helps to prevent aspiration and manage secretions until further treatment can be provided. Choice B is incorrect as the priority is ensuring the infant's safety and health, not immediate bonding. Choice C is incorrect as breastfeeding may worsen the condition. Choice D is incorrect as it does not address the potential risk of aspiration associated with esophageal atresia/tracheoesophageal fistula.

3. What do mortality statistics describe?

• A. Disease occurring regularly within a geographic location
• B. The number of individuals who have died over a specific period
• C. The prevalence of specific illness in the population at a particular time
• D. Disease occurring in more than the number of expected cases in a community

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Mortality statistics describe the number of individuals who have died over a specific period, providing insight into public health concerns.

4. The nurse is explaining different parenting styles to a group of parents. The nurse explains that an authoritative parenting style can lead to which child behavior?

• A. Shyness
• B. Self-reliance
• C. Submissiveness
• D. Self-consciousness

Correct answer: B

Rationale: An authoritative parenting style, which balances warmth with firmness, is associated with fostering self-reliance and independence in children.

5. What is the most appropriate intervention for a child with suspected acute appendicitis?

• A. Administer antibiotics
• B. Apply heat to the abdomen
• C. Encourage oral fluids
• D. Prepare for surgery

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Prepare for surgery. Acute appendicitis is a surgical emergency that requires prompt removal of the appendix to prevent complications like rupture and peritonitis. Administering antibiotics (choice A) may be part of the treatment plan but should not delay surgical intervention. Applying heat to the abdomen (choice B) is not recommended as it can worsen the inflammation of the appendix. Encouraging oral fluids (choice C) is generally beneficial, but the priority in acute appendicitis is surgical intervention.

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