Nursing Elites

1. The nurse is caring for a child with a urinary tract infection who is on trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim). What side effects of this medication should the nurse teach to the parents and the child? (Select all that apply.)

• A. Rash
• B. Urticaria
• C. All are applicable
• D. Photosensitivity

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim) can cause side effects like rash, urticaria, and photosensitivity. Parents and the child should be educated on these potential side effects to ensure prompt recognition and management.

2. Which medication should the nurse expect to administer to a child diagnosed with Nephrotic Syndrome to decrease proteinuria?

• A. Albumin
• B. Prednisone
• C. Penicillin
• D. Furosemide (Lasix)

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Prednisone, a corticosteroid, is the primary treatment for Nephrotic Syndrome as it helps to reduce inflammation in the kidneys and decrease proteinuria by stabilizing the glomerular filtration barrier. Albumin is a protein replacement therapy and would not directly decrease proteinuria. Penicillin is an antibiotic that treats bacterial infections and is not used to manage Nephrotic Syndrome. Furosemide is a diuretic that helps in managing fluid retention but does not specifically target proteinuria in Nephrotic Syndrome.

3. A child with nephrotic syndrome is severely edematous. The primary healthcare provider has placed the child on bed rest. Which nursing intervention should be included in the plan of care?

• A. Monitor blood pressure every 30 minutes.
• B. Reposition the child every two hours.
• C. Limit visitors.
• D. Encourage fluids.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Repositioning the child every two hours is essential to prevent pressure ulcers and promote circulation, especially when the child is on bed rest and experiencing severe edema. Monitoring blood pressure is important but does not need to be done every 30 minutes unless indicated. Limiting visitors and encouraging fluids are not directly related to managing edema and preventing complications from immobility. Therefore, choice B is the most appropriate nursing intervention in this scenario.

4. At an 8-month-old well-baby visit, the parent tells the nurse that her infant falls asleep at night during the last bottle feeding but wakes up when moved to the infant’s crib. What is the most appropriate response for the nurse to make?

• A. You should put your baby to sleep 1 hour earlier without the nighttime feeding but with a pacifier for soothing.
• B. You could place rice cereal in the last bottle feeding of the day to ensure a longer sleep pattern.
• C. You should have your partner give the last bottle of the day and observe whether your infant stays awake for your partner.
• D. You could increase daytime feeding intervals to every 4 hours and put your baby in the crib while the baby is still awake.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Encouraging the baby to fall asleep in the crib while still awake can help establish healthy sleep habits and reduce night waking.

5. A nurse must do a venipuncture on a 6-year-old child. What consideration is important in providing atraumatic care?

• A. Use an 18-gauge needle if possible.
• B. Show the child the equipment to be used before the procedure.
• C. If not successful after four attempts, have another nurse try.
• D. Restrain the child completely.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Showing the child the equipment before the procedure helps build trust and reduces fear. Using an 18-gauge needle is too large for a child, and multiple attempts can increase trauma. Restraining completely can increase fear and anxiety.

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