ATI RN
ATI Fluid Electrolyte and Acid-Base Regulation
1. You are caring for a patient who is being treated on the oncology unit with a diagnosis of lung cancer with bone metastases. During your assessment, you note the patient complains of a new onset of weakness with abdominal pain. Further assessment suggests that the patient likely has a fluid volume deficit. You should recognize that this patient may be experiencing what electrolyte imbalance?
- A. Hypernatremia
- B. Hypomagnesemia
- C. Hypophosphatemia
- D. Hypercalcemia
Correct answer: Hypercalcemia
Rationale:
2. A nurse is preparing health education for a patient who has received a diagnosis of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Which of the following topics should the nurse prioritize?
- A. Techniques for energy conservation and activity management
- B. Emergency management of bleeding episodes
- C. Technique for the administration of bronchodilators by metered-dose inhaler
- D. Techniques for self-palpation of the lymph nodes
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Because of patients risks of hemorrhage, patients with MDS should be taught techniques for managing emergent bleeding episodes.
3. A healthcare professional is monitoring a client who is receiving spironolactone. Which of the following findings should the professional report to the provider?
- A. Serum Sodium 144 mEq/L
- B. Urine output 120 mL in 4 hours
- C. Serum Potassium 5.2 mEq/L
- D. Blood Pressure 140/90 mm Hg
Correct answer: C
Rationale: A serum potassium level of 5.2 mEq/L indicates hyperkalemia, which is a potentially dangerous condition. Spironolactone, a potassium-sparing diuretic, can cause potassium retention, leading to hyperkalemia. This electrolyte imbalance can result in serious consequences such as cardiac dysrhythmias. The healthcare professional should promptly report this finding to the provider, withhold the medication, and take appropriate actions to prevent complications. Monitoring and managing potassium levels are crucial in clients receiving spironolactone. The other options do not directly relate to the potential adverse effects of spironolactone and are within normal limits, making them less urgent to report.
4. The maintenance of a steady body temperature in the face of fluctuating environmental conditions illustrates homeostasis.
- A. True
- B. False
- C. Not Sure
- D. None of the above
Correct answer: True
Rationale: The correct answer is True. Homeostasis is the body's ability to maintain a stable internal environment despite external changes. In this case, the maintenance of a steady body temperature despite fluctuations in environmental conditions is a clear example of homeostasis. The body regulates temperature through processes like sweating when it's hot and shivering when it's cold. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because the statement provided does indeed illustrate the concept of homeostasis, making them inaccurate.
5. When a client is starting long-term oral prednisone for chronic asthma, what adverse effect should the nurse instruct the client to monitor for?
- A. Weight gain
- B. Nervousness
- C. Bradycardia
- D. Constipation
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Weight gain is a common adverse effect of oral prednisone due to sodium and water retention, which can lead to fluid retention. Monitoring weight changes is important as it helps in early identification of this adverse effect, enabling timely interventions to manage it. Choice B, nervousness, is not typically associated with oral prednisone use. Bradycardia (Choice C) is unlikely as prednisone usually causes tachycardia or increased heart rate. Constipation (Choice D) is not a common adverse effect of prednisone compared to weight gain.
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