a 73 year old man comes into the emergency department ed by ambulance after slipping on a small carpet in his home the patient fell on his hip with a

ATI RN

ATI Fluid Electrolyte and Acid-Base Regulation

1. . A 73-year-old man comes into the emergency department (ED) by ambulance after slipping on a small carpet in his home. The patient fell on his hip with a resultant fracture. He is alert and oriented; his pupils are equal and reactive to light and accommodation. His heart rate is elevated, he is anxious and thirsty, a Foley catheter is placed, and 40 mL of urine is present. What is the nurses most likely explanation for the low urine output?

A. The man urinated prior to his arrival to the ED and will probably not need to have the Foley catheter kept in place.
B. The man likely has a traumatic brain injury, lacks antidiuretic hormone (ADH), and needs vasopressin.
C. The man is experiencing symptoms of heart failure and is releasing atrial natriuretic peptide that results in decreased urine output.
D. The man is having a sympathetic reaction, which has stimulated the reninangiotensinaldosterone system that results in diminished urine output.

Correct answer: D

Rationale:

2. . A nurse is planning care for a nephrology patient with a new nursing graduate. The nurse states, A patient in renal failure partially loses the ability to regulate changes in pH. What is the cause of this partial inability?

A. The kidneys regulate and reabsorb carbonic acid to change and maintain pH.
B. The kidneys buffer acids through electrolyte changes
C. The kidneys regenerate and reabsorb bicarbonate to maintain a stable pH.
D. The kidneys combine carbonic acid and bicarbonate to maintain a stable pH.

Correct answer: C

Rationale:

3. . A nurse assesses a client with diabetes mellitus who is admitted with an acid-base imbalance. The clients arterial blood gas values are pH 7.36, PaO2 98 mm Hg, PaCO2 33 mm Hg, and HCO3 18 mEq/L. Which manifestation should the nurse identify as an exam

A. Increased rate and depth of respirations
B. ncreased urinary output
C. Increased thirst and hunger
D. ncreased release of acids from the kidneys

Correct answer: A

Rationale:

4. The ICU nurse is caring for a patient who experienced trauma in a workplace accident. The patient is complaining of having trouble breathing with abdominal pain. An ABG reveals the following results: pH 7.28, PaCO2 50 mm Hg, HCO3 23 mEq/L. The nurse should recognize the likelihood of what acidbase disorder?

A. Respiratory acidosis
B. Metabolic alkalosis
C. Respiratory alkalosis
D. Mixed acidbase disorder

Correct answer: D

Rationale:

5. What is the main water-holding force in the blood capillaries?

A. Capillary blood pressure
B. Sodium in the blood plasma
C. Protein in the blood plasma
D. Chloride in the blood plasma

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Protein in the blood plasma. Plasma proteins, especially albumin, create oncotic pressure, which is the main force responsible for holding water within the blood capillaries. Capillary blood pressure (Choice A) is involved in pushing blood through the capillaries, while sodium and chloride in the blood plasma (Choices B and D) are electrolytes and do not play a significant role in the water-holding force within capillaries.