a 73 year old man comes into the emergency department ed by ambulance after slipping on a small carpet in his home the patient fell on his hip with a

ATI RN

ATI Fluid Electrolyte and Acid-Base Regulation

1. . A 73-year-old man comes into the emergency department (ED) by ambulance after slipping on a small carpet in his home. The patient fell on his hip with a resultant fracture. He is alert and oriented; his pupils are equal and reactive to light and accommodation. His heart rate is elevated, he is anxious and thirsty, a Foley catheter is placed, and 40 mL of urine is present. What is the nurses most likely explanation for the low urine output?

A. The man urinated prior to his arrival to the ED and will probably not need to have the Foley catheter kept in place.
B. The man likely has a traumatic brain injury, lacks antidiuretic hormone (ADH), and needs vasopressin.
C. The man is experiencing symptoms of heart failure and is releasing atrial natriuretic peptide that results in decreased urine output.
D. The man is having a sympathetic reaction, which has stimulated the reninangiotensinaldosterone system that results in diminished urine output.

Correct answer: D

Rationale:

2. . One day after a patient is admitted to the medical unit, you note that the patient is oliguric. You notify the acutecare nurse practitioner who orders a fluid challenge of 200 mL of normal saline solution over 15 minutes. This intervention will achieve which of the following?

A. Help distinguish hyponatremia from hypernatremia
B. Help evaluate pituitary gland function
C. Help distinguish reduced renal blood flow from decreased renal function
D. Help provide an effective treatment for hypertension-induced oliguria

Correct answer: C

Rationale:

3. 1.A nurse prepares to insert a peripheral venous catheter in an older adult client. Which action should the nurse take to protect the clients skin during this procedure?

A. Lower the extremity below the level of the heart.
B. Apply warm compresses to the extremity.
C. Tap the skin lightly and avoid slapping.
D. Place a washcloth between the skin and tourniquet

Correct answer: D

Rationale:

4. Electrolytes:

A. do not form when glucose is added to water.
B. dissociate in water solutions, but do not form ions.
C. form ions in water solutions, but do not necessarily dissociate.
D. dissociate in water solutions and form ions in water solutions.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. Electrolytes are substances that dissociate into ions when dissolved in water, allowing the solution to conduct electricity. Choice A is incorrect because glucose does not form electrolytes when added to water. Choice B is incorrect as it states that electrolytes dissociate but do not form ions, which is inaccurate as electrolytes do form ions in water solutions. Choice C is also incorrect as it states that electrolytes form ions but may not necessarily dissociate, which goes against the definition of electrolytes that must dissociate into ions for conductivity. Therefore, choice D is the most accurate as it correctly describes that electrolytes dissociate in water solutions and form ions, highlighting the essential characteristics of electrolytes.

5. Which electrolyte is important in the formation of the thyroid hormones?

A. Sodium
B. Iodine
C. Iron
D. Chloride

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Iodine is the correct answer because it is essential for the synthesis of thyroid hormones. The thyroid gland incorporates iodine into thyroid hormones such as thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). These hormones are crucial for regulating metabolism, growth, and development. Sodium, iron, and chloride are not directly involved in the formation of thyroid hormones, making them incorrect choices.