ATI RN
ATI Fluid Electrolyte and Acid-Base Regulation
1. . A 73-year-old man comes into the emergency department (ED) by ambulance after slipping on a small carpet in his home. The patient fell on his hip with a resultant fracture. He is alert and oriented; his pupils are equal and reactive to light and accommodation. His heart rate is elevated, he is anxious and thirsty, a Foley catheter is placed, and 40 mL of urine is present. What is the nurses most likely explanation for the low urine output?
- A. The man urinated prior to his arrival to the ED and will probably not need to have the Foley catheter kept in place.
- B. The man likely has a traumatic brain injury, lacks antidiuretic hormone (ADH), and needs vasopressin.
- C. The man is experiencing symptoms of heart failure and is releasing atrial natriuretic peptide that results in decreased urine output.
- D. The man is having a sympathetic reaction, which has stimulated the reninangiotensinaldosterone system that results in diminished urine output.
Correct answer: The man is having a sympathetic reaction, which has stimulated the reninangiotensinaldosterone system that results in diminished urine output.
Rationale:
2. A nurse teaches a client who is being discharged home with a peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC). Which statement should the nurse include in this clients teaching?
- A. avoid carrying your grandchild with the arm that has the central catheter.
- B. Be sure to place the arm with the central catheter in a sling during the day
- C. Flush the peripherally inserted central catheter line with normal saline daily.
- D. You can use the arm with the central catheter for most activities of daily living.
Correct answer: avoid carrying your grandchild with the arm that has the central catheter.
Rationale:
3. A nurse is assessing a client who has an electrolyte imbalance related to renal failure. For which potential complications of this electrolyte imbalance should the nurse assess? (Select all that do mot apply.)
- A. Electrocardiogram changes
- B. Slow, shallow respirations
- C. Paralytic ileus
- D. Skeletal muscle weakness
Correct answer: Slow, shallow respirations
Rationale:
4. . A medical nurse educator is reviewing a patients recent episode of metabolic acidosis with members of the nursing staff. What should the educator describe about the role of the kidneys in metabolic acidosis?
- A. The kidneys retain hydrogen ions and excrete bicarbonate ions to help restore balance.
- B. The kidneys excrete hydrogen ions and conserve bicarbonate ions to help restore balance
- C. The kidneys react rapidly to compensate for imbalances in the body
- D. The kidneys regulate the bicarbonate level in the intracellular fluid.
Correct answer: The kidneys excrete hydrogen ions and conserve bicarbonate ions to help restore balance
Rationale:
5. A nurse assesses a client who has a radial artery catheter. Which assessment should the nurse complete first?
- A. . Amount of pressure in fluid container
- B. Date of catheter tubing change
- C. Percent of heparin in infusion container
- D. . Presence of an ulnar pulse
Correct answer: . Presence of an ulnar pulse
Rationale:
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