Nursing Elites

1. Which type of family should the nurse recognize when a mother, her children, and a stepfather live together?

• A. Traditional nuclear
• B. Blended
• C. Extended
• D. Binuclear

Correct answer: B

Rationale: A blended family consists of a couple and their children from this and all previous relationships, including stepfamilies.

2. What condition is the most common cause of acute renal failure in children?

• A. Pyelonephritis
• B. Tubular destruction
• C. Severe dehydration
• D. Upper tract obstruction

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Severe dehydration is the most common cause of acute renal failure in children, as it leads to prerenal azotemia, which can progress to renal failure if not corrected. Other causes like pyelonephritis and tubular destruction are less common and usually secondary to other conditions.

3. A mother tells the nurse that she does not want her infant immunized because of the discomfort associated with injections. What should the nurse explain?

• A. This cannot be prevented
• B. Infants do not feel pain as adults do
• C. This is not a good reason for refusing
• D. A topical anesthetic can be applied

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The nurse should explain that a topical anesthetic can be applied to the injection site before the immunization to reduce discomfort.

4. A newborn has been diagnosed with Hirschsprung’s disease. The parent asks the nurse about the symptoms that led to the diagnosis. Which symptoms should the nurse include in the response?

• A. Acute diarrhea and dehydration
• B. Current jelly-like stools and pain
• C. Failure to pass meconium and abdominal distension
• D. Projectile vomiting and altered electrolytes

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Failure to pass meconium and abdominal distension. Hirschsprung’s disease is commonly diagnosed in newborns due to the failure to pass meconium within the first 24-48 hours after birth and abdominal distension, indicating a bowel obstruction. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because they do not correspond to the typical symptoms of Hirschsprung’s disease. Acute diarrhea and dehydration, current jelly-like stools and pain, and projectile vomiting with altered electrolytes are not characteristic of this condition.

5. What problem is most often associated with myelomeningocele?

• A. Biliary atresia
• B. Hydrocephalus
• C. Craniostenosis
• D. Tracheoesophageal fistula

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Hydrocephalus is the most commonly associated problem with myelomeningocele, present in 80% to 90% of affected children. Biliary atresia and tracheoesophageal fistula are not typically associated with myelomeningocele. Craniostenosis refers to the premature closing of cranial sutures and is not a common issue seen with myelomeningocele.

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