ATI RN
ATI Nursing Care of Children
1. When transitioning from intravenous to oral morphine, what would the nurse anticipate regarding the oral dose in comparison to the intravenous dose to achieve equianalgesia?
- A. Same as the intravenous dose
- B. Greater than the intravenous dose
- C. One half of the intravenous dose
- D. One fourth of the intravenous dose
Correct answer: B
Rationale: When switching from intravenous to oral morphine, a higher oral dose is required to achieve equianalgesia due to significant metabolism from the first-pass effect. Choosing the same oral dose as the intravenous dose would provide less pain relief. Opting for a dose greater than the intravenous dose is necessary to achieve the same analgesic effect. Therefore, options A, C, and D are incorrect.
2. What is the recommended method to assess hydration status in infants?
- A. Capillary refill time
- B. Skin turgor
- C. Urine output
- D. Mucous membranes
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Urine output. Assessing urine output is a recommended method to determine hydration status in infants. Adequate urine output indicates good hydration, while decreased urine output may suggest dehydration. Capillary refill time (Choice A) is more indicative of circulatory status rather than hydration. Skin turgor (Choice B) is a useful assessment in adults but can be less reliable in infants. Checking mucous membranes (Choice D) can provide some information on hydration, but it is not as reliable as assessing urine output in infants.
3. Which food should be introduced first to a 6-month-old infant?
- A. Fruits
- B. Eggs
- C. Vegetables
- D. Meat
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Vegetables, particularly pureed ones, are often recommended as a first solid food for infants because they are easy to digest and less likely to cause allergies. Fruits can be introduced later due to their natural sweetness, while eggs and meat are typically introduced after fruits and vegetables as they may pose a higher risk of allergies.
4. Physiologically, the child compensates for fluid volume losses by which mechanism?
- A. Inhibition of aldosterone secretion
- B. Hemoconcentration to reduce cardiac workload
- C. Fluid shift from interstitial space to intravascular space
- D. Vasodilation of peripheral arterioles to increase perfusion
Correct answer: C
Rationale: In response to dehydration, the body compensates by shifting fluids from the interstitial spaces to the intravascular space to maintain blood pressure and perfusion to vital organs. Hemoconcentration and vasoconstriction are other compensatory mechanisms but are less immediate.
5. Frequent urine tests for specific gravity are required on a 6-month-old infant. What method is the most appropriate way to collect small amounts of urine for these tests?
- A. Apply a urine collection bag to the perineal area.
- B. Tape a small medicine cup inside of the diaper.
- C. Aspirate urine from cotton balls inside the diaper with a syringe without a needle.
- D. Use a syringe without a needle to aspirate urine from a superabsorbent disposable diaper.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Aspirating urine from cotton balls inside the diaper is a minimally invasive method and effective for collecting small amounts of urine. Using a collection bag can be more cumbersome, and other methods are not as effective for this age.