ATI RN
Nursing Care of Children ATI
1. The nurse is caring for a child with Neuroblastoma. Where is the tumor most commonly located?
- A. Bone
- B. Kidneys
- C. Cortex
- D. Abdomen
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Neuroblastoma is a cancer that commonly originates in the adrenal glands located in the abdomen. It can also occur in nerve tissues along the spine, but it is most frequently found in the abdominal region. Therefore, the correct answer is D. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect as Neuroblastoma typically arises from neural crest cells in the adrenal glands or sympathetic ganglia, not in the bones, kidneys, or cortex.
2. Which dietary information should the nurse include in the teaching plan for a school-age child with chronic renal failure?
- A. High in sodium
- B. Low in Vitamin D
- C. Low in phosphorus
- D. Supplementation of vitamins C, E, K
Correct answer: C
Rationale: A low-phosphorus diet is recommended for children with chronic renal failure to prevent hyperphosphatemia, which can lead to bone disease and other complications. Phosphorus is found in many processed foods and should be limited. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because high sodium intake can lead to fluid retention and hypertension, while Vitamin D supplementation and vitamins C, E, K are not specifically indicated for dietary recommendations in chronic renal failure.
3. The nurse should assess which age group for suicide ideation since suicide in which age group is the third leading cause of death?
- A. Preschoolers
- B. Young school age
- C. Middle school age
- D. Late school age and adolescents
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Suicide is the third leading cause of death in late school-age children and adolescents, requiring careful assessment for ideation in these age groups.
4. What is the most common cause of abdominal pain in school-aged children?
- A. Gastroenteritis
- B. Constipation
- C. Appendicitis
- D. Irritable bowel syndrome
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Constipation is the most common cause of abdominal pain in school-aged children. It is often due to dietary factors such as low fiber intake or insufficient fluid consumption. Chronic constipation can lead to complications like fecal impaction and soiling, highlighting the importance of early recognition and treatment. Gastroenteritis, although common, typically presents with diarrhea and vomiting. Appendicitis is more common in adolescents and typically presents with right lower quadrant pain. Irritable bowel syndrome is less common in children and is characterized by recurrent abdominal pain associated with defecation.
5. The charge nurse in the pediatric unit is teaching nursing students about pyloric stenosis. A student asks what causes pyloric stenosis. How should the nurse respond?
- A. One portion of the intestines invaginates or telescopes into another
- B. Hypertrophy of the circular pylorus muscle
- C. Relaxed cardiac sphincter
- D. Absent ganglion cells in the colon
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Pyloric stenosis is caused by the hypertrophy (thickening) of the circular muscle of the pylorus, leading to obstruction. Choice A is incorrect as it describes intussusception, not pyloric stenosis. Choice C is incorrect as a relaxed cardiac sphincter is related to gastroesophageal reflux. Choice D is incorrect as it describes Hirschsprung's disease, not pyloric stenosis.