Nursing Elites

1. Which should the nurse teach to parents regarding oral health of children? (Select all that apply.)

• A. Fluoridated water should be used.
• B. Early childhood caries is a preventable disease
• C. All options are correct
• D. Dental hygiene should begin with the first tooth eruption

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Fluoridated water helps prevent caries, early childhood caries is preventable, and dental hygiene should start with the first tooth eruption.

2. Which condition is characterized by a harsh, barking cough in children?

• A. Asthma
• B. Bronchiolitis
• C. Croup
• D. Pneumonia

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Croup is the correct answer. It is characterized by a harsh, barking cough due to inflammation of the upper airways, specifically the larynx and trachea. Asthma (Choice A) often presents with wheezing and shortness of breath, not a barking cough. Bronchiolitis (Choice B) typically causes wheezing and respiratory distress in infants. Pneumonia (Choice D) manifests with symptoms such as fever, productive cough, and chest pain, but not usually a barking cough.

3. The nurse is preparing to complete documentation on a patient's chart. Which should be included in documentation of nursing care? (Select all that apply.)

• A. Reassessments
• B. Nursing care provided
• C. Initial assessments
• D. All of the above

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Proper documentation includes reassessments, initial assessments, care provided, and the patient's response, but incident reports are typically documented separately.

4. The nurse is talking to a group of parents of school-age children at an after-school program about childhood health problems. Which statement should the nurse include in the teaching?

• A. Childhood obesity is the most common nutritional problem among children
• B. Immunization rates are the same among children of different races and ethnicity
• C. Dental caries is not a problem commonly seen in children since the introduction of fluoridated water
• D. Mental health problems are typically not seen in school-age children but may be diagnosed in adolescents

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Childhood obesity is the most common nutritional problem in children, with significant implications for long-term health, including the risk of developing chronic diseases.

5. What is the most appropriate action for a healthcare provider if a child presents with suspected meningitis?

• A. Administer antibiotics immediately
• B. Perform a lumbar puncture
• C. Isolate the child
• D. Obtain a complete blood count

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Isolating the child is a priority to prevent the spread of infection until meningitis is confirmed or ruled out. Meningitis, particularly bacterial, is highly contagious and can lead to outbreaks if not properly managed. Isolation and prompt treatment are critical in preventing serious complications. Administering antibiotics immediately without confirmation of the diagnosis can be harmful if the cause is viral or non-infectious. Performing a lumbar puncture is a diagnostic procedure that should be done by a healthcare provider but is not the initial action when suspecting meningitis. Obtaining a complete blood count may be part of the diagnostic workup but is not the most appropriate initial action in suspected meningitis.

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