ATI RN
ATI Nursing Care of Children
1. In assessing sexual maturity levels, which tool would you expect to use?
- A. Denver II Developmental Screening
- B. Tanner staging
- C. Antibody testing
- D. Nursing process
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Tanner staging. Tanner staging is a tool specifically used to assess sexual maturity in adolescents based on the development of secondary sexual characteristics. The Tanner scale ranges from stage 1 (prepubertal) to stage 5 (adult maturity). This tool helps healthcare providers evaluate the physical development and sexual maturation of individuals. Choice A, the Denver II Developmental Screening, is used to assess developmental milestones in children. Choice C, antibody testing, is a diagnostic tool used to detect the presence of specific antibodies in the blood. Choice D, the nursing process, is a systematic method that nurses use to deliver patient-centered care, involving assessment, diagnosis, planning, implementation, and evaluation.
2. What is the most appropriate action for a healthcare provider if a child presents with suspected meningitis?
- A. Administer antibiotics immediately
- B. Perform a lumbar puncture
- C. Isolate the child
- D. Obtain a complete blood count
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Isolating the child is a priority to prevent the spread of infection until meningitis is confirmed or ruled out. Meningitis, particularly bacterial, is highly contagious and can lead to outbreaks if not properly managed. Isolation and prompt treatment are critical in preventing serious complications. Administering antibiotics immediately without confirmation of the diagnosis can be harmful if the cause is viral or non-infectious. Performing a lumbar puncture is a diagnostic procedure that should be done by a healthcare provider but is not the initial action when suspecting meningitis. Obtaining a complete blood count may be part of the diagnostic workup but is not the most appropriate initial action in suspected meningitis.
3. In children with Type 1 diabetes, what is a common early sign of hypoglycemia?
- A. Irritability
- B. Rapid heartbeat
- C. Confusion
- D. Sweating
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Sweating is indeed one of the earliest signs of hypoglycemia in children with Type 1 diabetes. When blood sugar levels drop too low, the body releases stress hormones like adrenaline, which can lead to sweating. While irritability, rapid heartbeat, and confusion can also be seen in hypoglycemia, sweating is particularly common as a quick indicator of low blood sugar levels in children with Type 1 diabetes.
4. What is the most common symptom of gastroesophageal reflux in infants?
- A. Projectile vomiting
- B. Bilious vomiting
- C. Frequent spitting up
- D. Diarrhea
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Frequent spitting up is indeed a common symptom of gastroesophageal reflux in infants. It is caused by the backward flow of stomach contents into the esophagus, leading to infants regurgitating milk or formula shortly after feeding. Projectile vomiting (choice A) is more commonly associated with conditions like pyloric stenosis rather than gastroesophageal reflux. Bilious vomiting (choice B) often indicates an obstruction in the gastrointestinal tract. Diarrhea (choice D) is not typically a primary symptom of gastroesophageal reflux in infants.
5. Apgar scoring is conducted at 1 minute and 5 minutes after birth. It is used to determine:
- A. Major body systems’ responses at birth
- B. Future intelligence of the newborn
- C. Level of parent and newborn interaction
- D. Gestational age of the newborn
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The Apgar score assesses a newborn's physical condition immediately after birth by evaluating heart rate, respiratory effort, muscle tone, reflex response, and color. Therefore, the correct answer is A. The other choices are incorrect because B) the Apgar score does not predict future intelligence, C) it does not measure parent and newborn interaction, and D) it is not used to determine gestational age.