Nursing Elites

1. Why is the specific gravity for infants lower than for older children?

• A. Infants have a greater body surface area.
• B. Infants have a higher basal metabolic rate.
• C. Infants have a greater percentage of body weight that is water.
• D. Infants' kidneys are less able to concentrate urine.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because infants' kidneys are less developed compared to older children, making them less efficient at concentrating urine. This results in a lower specific gravity in infants. The other choices do not directly explain why the specific gravity is lower in infants.

2. A patient is 1 hour postoperative following an open reduction internal fixation of the left tibia. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?

• A. Assess neurovascular status of the extremities every 4 hours
• B. Monitor the patient's pain level every 8 hours
• C. Assist the patient to the bathroom every 2 hours
• D. Keep the patient's left leg elevated on two pillows

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct action for the nurse to take 1 hour postoperative following an open reduction internal fixation of the left tibia is to assess neurovascular status of the extremities every 4 hours. This frequent assessment is crucial to monitor for any signs of complications such as impaired circulation or nerve damage. Monitoring every 4 hours allows for early detection of any issues, enabling timely intervention and prevention of potential complications. Monitoring the patient's pain level every 8 hours (choice B) is not as immediate or essential for postoperative care. Assisting the patient to the bathroom every 2 hours (choice C) may not be necessary if the patient is not ambulatory yet. Keeping the patient's left leg elevated on two pillows (choice D) can be beneficial but is not the priority in the immediate postoperative period compared to assessing neurovascular status.

3. Which statement is true concerning early intervention services for children 0-2 years?

• A. Only healthcare professionals can determine if the child is eligible for services
• B. Specific diagnoses are not required to qualify for services
• C. Families must not pay for services
• D. Services are provided to a diverse group of children and families

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Early intervention services aim to support a diverse group of children and families without the need for a specific diagnosis. These services are inclusive and provided to all eligible children and families, regardless of their background or particular condition.

4. A nurse provides dietary teaching to the guardian of a school-age child with cystic fibrosis. Which statement should the nurse make?

• A. You should offer your child high-protein meals and snacks throughout the day.
• B. You should decrease your child's dietary fat intake to less than 10% of their caloric intake.
• C. You should restrict your child's calorie intake to 1,200 per day.
• D. You should give your child a multivitamin once weekly.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A. High-protein meals and snacks are essential for children with cystic fibrosis due to their increased nutritional needs. Protein helps in maintaining muscle mass and overall health in individuals with cystic fibrosis, making it crucial to include in their diet. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because decreasing dietary fat intake to less than 10% of caloric intake, restricting calorie intake to 1,200 per day, and giving a multivitamin once weekly are not appropriate dietary recommendations for a child with cystic fibrosis.

5. How does an occupational therapist use clinical guidelines to inform practice with children and youth?

• A. Modify guidelines to fit the specific environment
• B. Establish systems to monitor outcomes
• C. Select the most recent guidelines without considering the client
• D. Consider guidelines that fit one's clientele and environment

Correct answer: C

Rationale: When using clinical guidelines to inform practice with children and youth, it is crucial for occupational therapists to not solely rely on the most recent guidelines but to consider the individual needs and contexts of each client. Selecting guidelines based solely on recency without considering the specific client can lead to ineffective or inappropriate interventions.

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