Nursing Elites

1. For which patient diagnosis would a prescription for nifedipine be least appropriate?

• A. Angina Pectoris
• B. Essential HTN
• C. Atrial Fibrillation
• D. Vasospastic Angina

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Nifedipine primarily acts as a calcium channel blocker, exerting its effects on vascular smooth muscle. It is not effective for treating dysrhythmias like Atrial Fibrillation, which involve abnormalities in the heart's electrical system. Nifedipine is commonly prescribed for conditions such as angina pectoris, essential hypertension, and vasospastic angina due to its vasodilatory and anti-anginal properties. Choices A, B, and D are more appropriate as nifedipine can help in managing angina pectoris, hypertension, and vasospastic angina by reducing myocardial oxygen demand and dilating coronary arteries.

2. What type of mode best describes Kasey's approach when meeting with the principal to change the cafeteria to better accommodate her client with difficulty eating in a noisy and distracting environment?

• A. Collaborating
• B. Instructing
• C. Advocating
• D. Encouraging

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Advocating best describes Kasey's approach in this scenario. Advocating involves presenting stories, research, and ideas to support and champion for a specific cause or individual, in this case, advocating for changes to better meet the child's needs in the cafeteria. Collaborating involves working together with others towards a common goal, instructing involves providing guidance or directions, and encouraging involves giving support or motivation, none of which fully capture Kasey's proactive and supportive advocacy actions in this context.

3. Which clinical manifestations should the nurse anticipate when assessing a child admitted to the hospital unit with a diagnosis of minimal change nephrotic syndrome (MCNS)?

• A. Massive proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, and edema
• B. Hematuria, bacteriuria, and weight gain
• C. Decreased urine specific gravity and increased urinary output
• D. Gross hematuria, albuminuria, and fever

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Minimal change nephrotic syndrome (MCNS) is characterized by massive proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, and edema. Proteinuria results from the loss of proteins, particularly albumin, in the urine, leading to hypoalbuminemia. The low oncotic pressure due to hypoalbuminemia causes fluid to shift into the interstitial spaces, resulting in edema. These clinical manifestations are classic signs of MCNS and help differentiate it from other renal conditions.

4. What important information should the nurse provide to a patient taking a tetracycline antibiotic?

• A. Take the medication on an empty stomach.
• B. Avoid exposure to sunlight and tanning beds.
• C. Do not take the medication with milk or other dairy products.
• D. The medication may cause permanent staining of your teeth.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. Tetracycline antibiotics can bind to calcium in dairy products, decreasing the absorption of the antibiotic. This may result in reduced effectiveness of the medication. Additionally, tetracycline antibiotics can cause permanent staining of teeth, especially in children below 8 years of age and in pregnant women. Therefore, it is crucial for the patient to be aware of this potential side effect and to discuss any concerns with their healthcare provider. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because tetracycline antibiotics should be taken with food to reduce gastrointestinal upset, exposure to sunlight is not a significant concern with tetracycline antibiotics, and the issue with dairy products is related to calcium binding and reduced absorption rather than an issue of empty stomach intake.

5. Which statement is true regarding playful children?

• A. They exhibit flexible problem-solving.
• B. They have low intelligence scores.
• C. They need clear rules and directions to succeed.
• D. They do not perform well in school.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct statement is that playful children exhibit flexible problem-solving. Playful children often engage in creative and imaginative thinking, allowing them to approach problems in unique ways. This fosters better problem-solving abilities compared to those who may be more rigid in their thinking. Choice B is incorrect as there is no direct correlation between being playful and having low intelligence scores. Choice C is incorrect as playful children may thrive in environments that encourage creativity rather than rigid rules. Choice D is incorrect as being playful does not necessarily equate to poor academic performance.

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