ATI RN
MSN 570 Advanced Pathophysiology Final 2024
1. Which of the following types of vitamin or mineral deficiency can cause megaloblastic anemia and is associated with lower extremity paresthesias?
- A. Vitamin B12
- B. Folate
- C. Iron
- D. Vitamin K
Correct answer: Vitamin B12
Rationale: The correct answer is Vitamin B12. Vitamin B12 deficiency can lead to megaloblastic anemia, a condition characterized by the production of abnormally large and immature red blood cells. Lower extremity paresthesias, such as tingling or numbness, are common neurological symptoms associated with vitamin B12 deficiency. Folate deficiency can also cause megaloblastic anemia but is not typically linked to lower extremity paresthesias. Iron deficiency leads to microcytic anemia, not megaloblastic anemia. Vitamin K deficiency is associated with bleeding tendencies, not megaloblastic anemia or paresthesias.
2. Diagnostic testing has resulted in a diagnosis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in an adult patient who is otherwise healthy. The patient and the care team have collaborated and the patient will soon begin induction therapy. The nurse should prepare the patient for which of the following?
- A. Daily treatment with targeted therapy medications
- B. Radiation therapy on a daily basis
- C. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
- D. An aggressive course of chemotherapy
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Attempts are made to achieve remission of AML by the aggressive administration of chemotherapy.
3. A nurse is interested in providing community education and screening on hypertension. In order to reach a priority population, to what target audience should the nurse provide this service?
- A. African American churches
- B. Asian American groceries
- C. High school sports camps
- D. Women's health clinics
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is African American churches. African Americans in the United States have one of the highest rates of hypertension globally. By providing services at African American churches, the nurse can effectively reach this priority population. While hypertension education and screening are essential for all groups, African Americans are the priority population for this intervention due to their disproportionately high rates of hypertension.
4. A toddler is admitted to the surgical unit for a planned closure of a temporary colostomy. Which medical prescription should the nurse question?
- A. Clear liquids today, NPO tomorrow
- B. Type and cross-match for 1 unit of packed red blood cells
- C. Rectal temperatures every 4 hours
- D. Start an intravenous line with D5NS at 20 mL per hour
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C. Rectal temperatures should be avoided in a toddler with a colostomy due to the risk of injury. Choices A, B, and D are appropriate medical prescriptions for a toddler undergoing colostomy closure. Choice A ensures the toddler's intake of clear liquids before being made NPO, choice B prepares for possible blood transfusion needs, and choice D initiates intravenous hydration with D5NS at an appropriate rate.
5. The breakdown in teamwork is often times a failure in:
- A. Electricity
- B. Inadequate supply
- C. Leg work
- D. Communication
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Patient safety and efficacy of care depend on actions rooted in established nursing protocols that consider both the immediate and long-term needs of the patient.
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