ATI RN
ATI Pathophysiology Exam 2
1. Which of the following stores electrolytes and acts as an electrolyte pool?
- A. Brain - Kidneys
- B. Bone - Nails
- C. Bone - Liver
- D. Liver - Pancreas
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Bones store electrolytes and act as a reservoir, maintaining a balance of essential minerals like calcium and phosphate. The correct pair in this context is 'Bone - Nails.' Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because the brain, kidneys, liver, and pancreas perform other functions in the body and are not primarily responsible for storing electrolytes.
2. A client with a history of alcohol use disorder is admitted to the hospital for detoxification. Which of the following symptoms shouldn't the nurse expect to observe during withdrawal?
- A. Tremors
- B. Hallucinations
- C. Diaphoresis
- D. Bradycardia
Correct answer: D
Rationale: During alcohol withdrawal, the nurse should expect to observe symptoms such as tremors, hallucinations, and diaphoresis. Seizures may also occur during severe withdrawal. Bradycardia is not typically associated with alcohol withdrawal; instead, tachycardia (an increased heart rate) is more commonly observed due to the stimulant effects of alcohol withdrawal on the sympathetic nervous system.
3. What should be the next step in the nursing research process?
- A. Review related literature
- B. Seek permission from the hospital administrator
- C. Identify the research problem
- D. Develop methods for data collection
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is 'Develop methods for data collection' (Choice D). In the nursing research process, after the research problem has been identified, the next step would typically be to develop methods for how data will be collected. This is essential to effectively address the research problem. 'Review related literature' (Choice A), while an important step, usually occurs after the research problem has been identified and before methods for data collection are developed. 'Seek permission from the hospital administrator' (Choice B) might be necessary at some point in certain situations, but it is not the immediate next step in the research process. 'Identify the research problem' (Choice C) would typically come before developing methods for data collection. Therefore, according to the typical sequence of steps in the nursing research process, Choice D is correct.
4. A client undergoing chemotherapy is at risk for developing mucositis. What nursing intervention is most appropriate to help manage this condition?
- A. Encourage the client to drink plenty of fluids.
- B. Administer antifungal mouthwash.
- C. Teach the client to avoid spicy or acidic foods.
- D. Apply a topical anesthetic to the oral mucosa before meals.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Avoiding spicy or acidic foods can help prevent irritation of the mucosa, which is already sensitive during mucositis.
5. Which one of the following strategies might be recommended for an infant with failure to thrive (FTT) to increase caloric intake?
- A. Vary the schedule for routine activities on a daily basis.
- B. Be persistent through 10 to 15 minutes of food refusal.
- C. Avoid solids until after the bottle is well accepted.
- D. Use developmental stimulation by a specialist during feedings.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Being persistent through 10 to 15 minutes of food refusal is recommended to help increase caloric intake in infants with FTT. Establishing a routine and using developmental stimulation can also be helpful, but the priority is ensuring adequate caloric intake.
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