Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following statements is least likely to be made by a humanist?

• A. Humans are unique.
• B. The behavior of humans tends to be influenced by environmental circumstances.
• C. Humans have a basic need to fulfill their potentials.
• D. Research on animals has little relevance to understanding human behavior.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The corrected question assesses the least likely statement made by a humanist. Choice B, 'The behavior of humans tends to be influenced by environmental circumstances,' is least likely to be made by a humanist. Humanists believe that human behavior is not simply dictated by environmental circumstances but is influenced by a combination of factors, including personal experiences, emotions, and conscious decisions. Choices A, C, and D are more aligned with humanist perspectives. Choice A acknowledges the uniqueness of humans, which is a common theme in humanistic psychology. Choice C reflects the humanistic belief that individuals strive to reach their full potential and self-actualization. Choice D contrasts with humanist views as humanists often consider research on animals to be relevant in understanding human behavior due to shared basic psychological processes.

2. From the cognitive-behavioral perspective, an important limitation with the behavioral perspective is that ________.

• A. Behaviorists went too far in attacking the psychoanalytic perspective.
• B. Behaviorists failed to attend to the importance of mental processes.
• C. Behaviorists were too focused on explaining how abnormal behavior is acquired.
• D. Behaviorists underestimated the role of reinforcement.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because behaviorists, from the cognitive-behavioral perspective, are criticized for not considering the significance of mental processes. This limitation is a key point in the cognitive-behavioral perspective, which emphasizes the interplay between thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because they do not directly address the specific limitation of failing to account for mental processes in the behavioral perspective.

3. Which of the following psychologists would be most likely to stress that each person has a drive to grow and fulfill his or her potential?

• A. Sigmund Freud
• B. F. Skinner
• C. G. Stanley Hall
• D. Abraham Maslow

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, Abraham Maslow. He was a leading humanist psychologist who introduced the concept of the hierarchy of needs. Maslow emphasized the human drive for self-actualization, which involves fulfilling one's potential and striving for personal growth. Sigmund Freud (choice A) focused on psychoanalysis and the unconscious mind. B.F. Skinner (choice B) was a behaviorist who studied operant conditioning. G. Stanley Hall (choice C) was a pioneering psychologist in the field of child development.

4. What is the current view of developmentalists regarding important changes throughout the entire human lifespan?

• A. Multicultural perspective
• B. Lifespan perspective
• C. Atypical development
• D. Maturation

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is 'Lifespan perspective.' This perspective highlights that significant developmental changes occur throughout a person's entire life, emphasizing continuous growth and development. Choice A, 'Multicultural perspective,' refers to the consideration of cultural influences on development rather than the timeline of changes. Choice C, 'Atypical development,' pertains to deviations from typical developmental patterns and is not directly related to the continuous changes across the lifespan. Choice D, 'Maturation,' specifically refers to the biological process of growth and development, which is different from the broader concept of developmental changes occurring across the lifespan.

5. Franklin wakes up in a homeless shelter in another town. He doesn't know where he is or how he got there, and he's confused when people say he has been calling himself Anthony. This is most likely an episode of dissociative?

• A. Amnesia
• B. Dissociative fugue
• C. Wandering
• D. Flight of ideas

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B, Dissociative fugue. In the scenario described, Franklin experiencing memory loss, travel to another town, assuming a new identity (calling himself Anthony) aligns with dissociative fugue. Amnesia (Choice A) involves memory loss without the additional aspects of travel and assuming a new identity. Wandering (Choice C) is vague and does not encompass the complete set of symptoms described. Flight of ideas (Choice D) is a symptom of conditions like mania, not dissociative disorders.

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