Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following statements is least likely to be made by a humanist?

• A. Humans are unique.
• B. The behavior of humans tends to be influenced by environmental circumstances.
• C. Humans have a basic need to fulfill their potentials.
• D. Research on animals has little relevance to understanding human behavior.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The corrected question assesses the least likely statement made by a humanist. Choice B, 'The behavior of humans tends to be influenced by environmental circumstances,' is least likely to be made by a humanist. Humanists believe that human behavior is not simply dictated by environmental circumstances but is influenced by a combination of factors, including personal experiences, emotions, and conscious decisions. Choices A, C, and D are more aligned with humanist perspectives. Choice A acknowledges the uniqueness of humans, which is a common theme in humanistic psychology. Choice C reflects the humanistic belief that individuals strive to reach their full potential and self-actualization. Choice D contrasts with humanist views as humanists often consider research on animals to be relevant in understanding human behavior due to shared basic psychological processes.

2. If a pair of monozygotic twins raised in the same environment end up being different from one another (e.g., interests, hobbies, etc.), it is highly likely due to:

• A. Cephalocaudal pattern
• B. Proximodistal pattern
• C. Cephamodistal pattern
• D. Gene-environment correlation

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Proximodistal pattern. Differences between monozygotic twins raised in the same environment are likely due to non-shared environmental influences, which lead to differences in interests, hobbies, and other individual characteristics. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. Cephalocaudal pattern refers to the principle of development from head to toe, not relevant in explaining differences between twins. Cephamodistal pattern is not a recognized developmental term. Gene-environment correlation does not directly explain the differences between identical twins raised in the same environment.

3. How do socioeconomic factors influence mental health?

• A. Socioeconomic factors have no impact on mental health.
• B. Socioeconomic factors are the primary determinants of mental health.
• C. Socioeconomic factors are irrelevant to mental health.
• D. Socioeconomic factors can exacerbate but not cause mental health issues.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Socioeconomic factors are indeed primary determinants of mental health. These factors influence mental health by impacting access to resources, stress levels, and overall well-being. Choice A is incorrect as socioeconomic factors do have a significant impact on mental health. Choice C is incorrect as socioeconomic factors play a crucial role in mental health outcomes. Choice D is incorrect as socioeconomic factors can both exacerbate and cause mental health issues.

4. What is the term for the age of an unborn baby, usually dated from the first day of an expectant mother's last menstrual cycle?

• A. Mental age
• B. Chronological age
• C. Functional age
• D. Gestational age

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, Gestational age. Gestational age is calculated from the first day of the expectant mother's last menstrual cycle, providing an estimate of how far along the pregnancy is. Mental age (choice A), refers to an individual's level of cognitive functioning in relation to others of the same age group. Chronological age (choice B) is a person's actual age in years. Functional age (choice C) refers to how well a person is able to perform various activities compared to their chronological age.

5. What is the biopsychosocial model, and why is it important?

• A. A model that integrates biological, psychological, and social factors.
• B. A model that focuses solely on biological factors.
• C. A model that excludes social factors.
• D. A model that focuses solely on psychological factors.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The biopsychosocial model is a model that integrates biological, psychological, and social factors. It is important because it recognizes the interconnectedness of these factors in influencing an individual's mental health. Option B is incorrect because the biopsychosocial model does not focus solely on biological factors. Option C is incorrect as the model does not exclude social factors. Option D is incorrect as the model does not focus solely on psychological factors.

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