ATI RN
ATI Pharmacology Proctored
1. Which of the following is the antidote for Heparin toxicity?
- A. Protamine
- B. Methylene blue
- C. N-acetylcysteine
- D. Glucagon
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Protamine is the specific antidote for Heparin toxicity. Heparin is an anticoagulant medication, and if an overdose occurs or if there is excessive bleeding due to Heparin use, protamine, a positively charged molecule, can neutralize the anticoagulant effects of Heparin by forming a complex with it. This binding prevents Heparin from further inhibiting coagulation factors and helps in reversing its effects.
2. Which of the following statements describes an active cellular membrane exchange process?
- A. Sodium moving out of cells and potassium moving into cells
- B. The movement of water from an area of low solute concentration to an area of high solute concentration
- C. The movement of insulin using a protein to travel across the cell membrane
- D. Oxygen moving across the pulmonary capillaries to an area of high carbon dioxide
Correct answer: A: Sodium moving out of cells and potassium moving into cells
Rationale: The correct answer is A. In active transport, energy is expended to move substances against their concentration gradient. Sodium moving out of cells and potassium moving into cells is an example of active transport because it requires energy to pump these ions across the cell membrane against their concentration gradients. Choices B, C, and D describe passive processes where substances move along their concentration gradients without the input of energy.
3. When starting Alfuzosin for the treatment of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia, a nurse is providing teaching to a client. The nurse should instruct the client that which of the following is an adverse effect of this medication?
- A. Bradycardia
- B. Edema
- C. Hypotension
- D. Tremor
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct adverse effect of Alfuzosin is hypotension. Alfuzosin relaxes muscle tone in veins, leading to decreased cardiac output and subsequent hypotension. Patients on this medication should be advised to change positions slowly to prevent a sudden drop in blood pressure. Choice A, Bradycardia, is not a common adverse effect of Alfuzosin. Choice B, Edema, is not typically associated with Alfuzosin use. Choice D, Tremor, is also not a common adverse effect of Alfuzosin.
4. The nurse on the medical/surgical unit cares for a client with a diagnosis of cerebrovascular accident (CVA). The nursing assessment of the client’s neurological status should include which of the following? (Select all that apply)
- A. Obtain the pulses in all four extremities
- B. Ask the client to grasp and squeeze two fingers on each of the nurse’s hands
- C. Determine the client’s orientation to person, place, and time
- D. B, C
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is 'D' because assessing grasp strength (choice B) and orientation to person, place, and time (choice C) are crucial components of a neurological assessment following a cerebrovascular accident (CVA). Pulse assessment in all four extremities (choice A) is not directly related to a neurological assessment and is more pertinent to vascular status. Therefore, choices A and D are incorrect in this context.
5. You are on duty in the medical ward. The mother of your patient who is also a nurse, came running to the nurses station and informed you that Fiolo went into cardiopulmonary arrest.
- A. Start basic life support measures
- B. Call for the Code
- C. Bring the crash cart to the room
- D. Go to see Fiolo and assess for airway patency and breathing problems
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Effective nursing care involves comprehensive assessments that address all aspects of a patient's condition, ensuring that interventions are appropriately targeted and outcomes are optimized.
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