ATI RN
ATI Pharmacology Proctored Exam 2023
1. A client with cancer is prescribed methotrexate. Which supplement should the healthcare provider recommend to reduce the risk of methotrexate toxicity?
- A. Folic acid
- B. Magnesium
- C. Vitamin D
- D. Iron
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is folic acid. Methotrexate is a folic acid antagonist, and supplementing with folic acid can help reduce the risk of methotrexate toxicity. Folic acid supplementation is commonly recommended to counteract the effects of methotrexate on folate metabolism. Magnesium, Vitamin D, and Iron are not specifically indicated to reduce the risk of methotrexate toxicity and therefore are incorrect choices in this scenario.
2. Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is often used to treat which of the following conditions?
- A. Schizophrenia
- B. Bipolar disorder
- C. Posttraumatic stress disorder
- D. Generalized anxiety disorder
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is a widely used therapeutic approach effective in treating various mental health conditions. While CBT can be beneficial for different disorders, it is particularly well-suited for anxiety-related conditions like generalized anxiety disorder. CBT focuses on identifying and modifying negative thought patterns and behaviors contributing to anxiety, making it a suitable choice for treating generalized anxiety disorder. Therefore, the correct answer is D. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because CBT is not typically the first-line treatment for schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, or posttraumatic stress disorder, although it may be used as a part of a comprehensive treatment plan.
3. When explaining one of the main differences between narcolepsy and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, what should the nurse mention?
- A. Symptoms of the two diagnoses are essentially the same, making it difficult to differentiate between them.
- B. People with narcolepsy awaken from a nap feeling rested and replenished.
- C. People with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome can experience temporary paralysis during naps.
- D. Naps are contraindicated for clients with narcolepsy due to their association with catatonia.
Correct answer: B: People with narcolepsy awaken from a nap feeling rested and replenished.
Rationale: Narcolepsy is a sleep disorder characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness and sudden attacks of sleep, while obstructive sleep apnea syndrome involves the obstruction of the upper airway during sleep. One of the main differences is that people with narcolepsy often experience refreshing naps, feeling rested and replenished upon waking, which is not the case for obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. This distinction is important for healthcare providers to understand as it helps differentiate between these two sleep disorders.
4. Which factor is most likely to enhance the success of health promotion activities?
- A. Adequate funding
- B. Support from local government
- C. Community involvement
- D. Strong leadership
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Community involvement is essential for the success of health promotion activities as it ensures that the initiatives are relevant and supported by the community. When the community actively participates in planning and implementing health promotion activities, it increases the chances of long-term success and sustainability. Community involvement fosters a sense of ownership and empowerment, leading to greater engagement and positive health outcomes.
5. Innate resistance or immunity:
- A. Involves 'memory'
- B. Is a development of an individual's later years
- C. Is a relatively slow and specific process
- D. Depends on physical, mechanical, and biochemical barriers
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Innate resistance or immunity relies on the body's natural defenses like physical, mechanical, and biochemical barriers. These barriers act as the first line of defense against pathogens and do not involve memory (choice A). Innate immunity is present from birth and does not develop over an individual's later years (choice B). Additionally, innate immunity is a rapid and nonspecific process, not a slow and specific one (choice C). Therefore, the correct answer is D.
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