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ATI Anatomy and Physiology Online Practice
1. Which of the following is not an example of a homeostatic mechanism in the human body?
- A. Shivering when the body temperature falls below normal.
- B. Increasing heart rate and force of contraction when blood pressure falls.
- C. Retaining fluid excessively.
- D. Secreting insulin after a meal to return blood sugar concentration toward normal.
Correct answer: C: Retaining fluid excessively.
Rationale: The correct answer is C. Homeostatic mechanisms aim to maintain internal stability within the body. Choices A, B, and D all represent examples of homeostatic mechanisms. Shivering helps generate heat to raise body temperature back to normal levels. Increasing heart rate and force of contraction work to restore blood pressure. Insulin secretion after a meal helps regulate blood sugar levels. On the other hand, retaining fluid excessively can lead to fluid imbalance rather than maintaining internal stability, making it the incorrect choice.
2. The nurse supervises care of a client in Buck’s traction. The nurse determines that care is appropriate if which of the following is observed? (Select all that apply)
- A. The nurse removes the foam boot three times per day to inspect the skin
- B. The staff turn the client to the unaffected side
- C. The staff turn the client to the unaffected side and the nurse asks the client to dorsiflex the foot on the affected leg
- D. The nurse asks the client to dorsiflex the foot on the affected leg
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C. Turning the client to the unaffected side helps prevent complications such as pressure ulcers. Dorsiflexion of the foot on the affected leg helps maintain proper alignment and prevent foot drop. The incorrect choices are A and D. Removing the foam boot multiple times per day can disrupt traction, and asking the client to dorsiflex the foot may not be appropriate without ensuring proper alignment and direction from the healthcare provider.
3. A client is 2 hours postoperative following a cholecystectomy. Which of the following interventions should the nurse implement?
- A. Place the client in a supine position
- B. Administer morphine for pain relief
- C. Apply a warm compress to the incision site
- D. Place a pillow under the client's knees
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Administering morphine for pain relief is crucial for postoperative clients following a cholecystectomy to manage pain effectively. Placing the client in a supine position may not be ideal as it can cause discomfort and hinder breathing. Applying a warm compress to the incision site can increase the risk of infection. Placing a pillow under the client's knees is not a priority intervention compared to pain management.
4. What is the term for a ringing in the ears reported by the client?
- A. Weber
- B. Rinne
- C. Pinna
- D. Tinnitus
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Tinnitus is the correct answer. Tinnitus refers to the perception of noise or ringing in the ears. This condition can be constant or intermittent and may be caused by various factors such as exposure to loud noises, ear infections, or underlying health conditions. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect as Weber and Rinne tests are related to hearing assessment, while the pinna is the external part of the ear responsible for collecting sound waves.
5. What is the main purpose of a clinical audit?
- A. To measure patient satisfaction
- B. To evaluate the effectiveness of clinical practices
- C. To identify areas for improvement
- D. To standardize patient care protocols
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The main purpose of a clinical audit is to identify areas for improvement in clinical practices. While patient satisfaction might be a component evaluated during an audit, the primary goal is to ensure that care is safe, effective, and patient-centered, rather than solely focusing on satisfaction. Evaluating the effectiveness of clinical practices is a related but more specific goal compared to the broader aim of identifying areas for improvement. Standardizing patient care protocols can be a result of a clinical audit, but it is not the main purpose, which is to pinpoint areas needing enhancement.
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