Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following is not an example of a homeostatic mechanism in the human body?

• A. Shivering when the body temperature falls below normal.
• B. Increasing heart rate and force of contraction when blood pressure falls.
• C. Retaining fluid excessively.
• D. Secreting insulin after a meal to return blood sugar concentration toward normal.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C. Homeostatic mechanisms aim to maintain internal stability within the body. Choices A, B, and D all represent examples of homeostatic mechanisms. Shivering helps generate heat to raise body temperature back to normal levels. Increasing heart rate and force of contraction work to restore blood pressure. Insulin secretion after a meal helps regulate blood sugar levels. On the other hand, retaining fluid excessively can lead to fluid imbalance rather than maintaining internal stability, making it the incorrect choice.

2. Which of the following is a result of stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system?

• A. decreased blood flow to the skeletal muscles
• B. increased cardiac output
• C. decreased respiratory rate
• D. increased urinary output

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system leads to an increase in cardiac output. When the sympathetic nervous system is activated, it causes the heart to beat faster and with more force, leading to an increased cardiac output. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because the sympathetic nervous system does not cause decreased blood flow to the skeletal muscles, decreased respiratory rate, or increased urinary output.

3. Temperature is a form of energy, whereas heat is a measurement of the intensity of the temperature.

• A. TRUE
• B. FALSE
• C. Not Sure
• D. None of the above

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The statement is true. Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a substance, while heat is the transfer of energy from a hotter object to a colder one. Heat is not a measurement of the intensity of temperature, but rather the energy transfer due to a temperature difference. Therefore, the correct answer is True. Choice B (False) is incorrect as the statement is true based on the definitions of temperature and heat.

4. The organ systems responsible for integration and coordination are the nervous and endocrine systems.

• A. True
• B. False
• C. Not Sure
• D. None of the above

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is True. The nervous and endocrine systems are indeed responsible for integration and coordination in the body. The nervous system uses electrical impulses to send signals quickly, while the endocrine system uses hormones to send chemical messages more slowly. Together, they work to regulate various bodily functions and maintain homeostasis. The other choices are incorrect as the statement accurately describes the roles of the nervous and endocrine systems in integration and coordination.

5. Which of the following statements is true concerning the female reproductive system?

• A. It produces female sex cells.
• B. It transports the female sex cells.
• C. It can support the development of an embryo.
• D. All of the above

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is 'All of the above.' The female reproductive system produces female sex cells (eggs), transports them through the fallopian tubes, and can support the development of an embryo through the uterus. Choice A is correct because the ovaries produce eggs, choice B is correct as the fallopian tubes transport the eggs, and choice C is correct as the uterus provides the environment for the embryo to develop. Therefore, all of these statements are true regarding the female reproductive system.

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