Nursing Elites

1. Homeostasis is the body's maintenance of a stable internal environment.

• A. TRUE
• B. FALSE
• C. Not Sure
• D. None of the above

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Homeostasis refers to the body's ability to maintain a stable internal environment despite external changes. It involves processes that regulate various physiological factors such as temperature, pH, and blood sugar levels within a narrow range. This ensures that the body's cells can function optimally. Therefore, the correct answer is True. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because homeostasis aims to maintain stability, not instability, in the internal environment.

2. Testosterone production is regulated by which of the following glands?

• A. Pineal
• B. Thymus
• C. Parathyroid
• D. Pituitary

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Testosterone production is regulated by the pituitary gland. The pituitary gland secretes luteinizing hormone (LH), which stimulates the Leydig cells in the testes to produce testosterone. This hormone is not regulated by the Pineal, Thymus, or Parathyroid glands. The Pineal gland is responsible for secreting melatonin, the Thymus gland is involved in immune function, and the Parathyroid glands regulate calcium levels in the blood.

3. An anatomical section that separates the body into right and left portions is a _______ section.

• A. frontal
• B. transverse
• C. coronal
• D. sagittal

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is 'sagittal.' A sagittal section divides the body into right and left portions. Choice A, 'frontal,' is incorrect as it divides the body into front and back portions. Choice B, 'transverse,' divides the body into upper and lower portions. Choice C, 'coronal,' divides the body into anterior and posterior portions. Therefore, 'sagittal' is the most appropriate term for a section separating the body into right and left portions.

4. Maintaining a stable internal environment typically requires

• A. positive feedback mechanisms.
• B. an unstable outside environment.
• C. decreased atmospheric pressure.
• D. negative feedback mechanisms.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is 'negative feedback mechanisms.' In biological systems, negative feedback mechanisms help maintain homeostasis by counteracting any deviations from the set point. They work to stabilize internal conditions and keep them within a narrow range. On the other hand, positive feedback mechanisms amplify changes and are not involved in maintaining stability. Choice B, 'an unstable outside environment,' is incorrect as internal stability is independent of external conditions like weather. Choice C, 'decreased atmospheric pressure,' is also incorrect as it does not directly relate to internal homeostasis.

5. Which of the following cardiac valves prevents blood from returning to the left ventricle of the heart?

• A. pulmonic
• B. mitral
• C. tricuspid
• D. aortic

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is the aortic valve. The aortic valve is located between the left ventricle and the aorta, preventing the backflow of blood into the left ventricle once it has been pumped out during systole. Choice A, pulmonic, is incorrect as it is associated with the right side of the heart. Choice B, mitral, is incorrect as it is the valve between the left atrium and ventricle. Choice C, tricuspid, is incorrect as it is located between the right atrium and ventricle.

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