Nursing Elites

1. Is the parietal pleura a visceral membrane?

• A. TRUE
• B. FALSE
• C. Not Sure
• D. None of the above

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The statement that the parietal pleura is a visceral membrane is false. The parietal pleura is actually a membrane that lines the thoracic cavity and is responsible for protecting and cushioning the lungs. Visceral pleura, on the other hand, is the membrane that covers the surface of the lungs. Therefore, the parietal pleura is not a visceral membrane, making the correct answer 'False.' Choices C and D are not relevant as the question is asking for a true/false statement.

2. Metabolism refers to all of the chemical reactions in an organism that support life. Is this statement true?

• A. True
• B. False
• C. Not Sure
• D. None of the above

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The statement is true. Metabolism indeed refers to all of the chemical reactions in an organism that support life. It is essential for various processes in the body, including converting food into energy, building and repairing tissues, and eliminating waste products. Choice B is incorrect because metabolism does encompass all chemical reactions that sustain life. Choice C is incorrect as the definition of metabolism is clear. Choice D is incorrect as the statement provided is true.

3. What is the function of the gallbladder?

• A. Filters all of the blood in the body and breaks down poisonous substances, such as alcohol and drugs
• B. Make enzymes
• C. Store and concentrate bile, a fluid produced by the liver that helps with fat digestion
• D. Helps to further digest food

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Store and concentrate bile, a fluid produced by the liver that helps with fat digestion. The gallbladder stores bile produced by the liver and releases it to aid in the digestion of fats. Choice A is incorrect as the liver, not the gallbladder, filters blood and detoxifies harmful substances. Choice B is incorrect because the production of enzymes primarily occurs in the pancreas, not the gallbladder. Choice D is incorrect as the gallbladder's main role is not to further digest food but to store and release bile.

4. Which of the following must the human body obtain from the environment in order to survive?

• A. Nitrogen
• B. Waste products
• C. Water
• D. Carbon dioxide

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Water. Water is essential for the human body to survive as it plays a crucial role in various physiological processes like digestion, circulation, and temperature regulation. Nitrogen is abundant in the atmosphere and is not directly obtained from the environment for survival. Waste products are materials that need to be eliminated from the body, not obtained for sustenance. Carbon dioxide is a byproduct of cellular respiration and is expelled from the body through breathing, not obtained as a nutrient.

5. Lowering the hand by straightening the elbow affects which of the following muscles?

• A. biceps brachii
• B. triceps brachii
• C. brachialis
• D. brachioradialis

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Lowering the hand by straightening the elbow is the action of extending the forearm, which is primarily done by the triceps brachii muscle. The triceps brachii is the main extensor muscle of the elbow joint. The biceps brachii is responsible for flexing the elbow, not extending it, making it an incorrect choice. Brachialis is a strong elbow flexor, and brachioradialis helps in flexing the elbow and pronating the forearm, so they are not the primary muscles involved in straightening the elbow.

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