ATI RN
Psychology 2301 Exam 1
1. Which of the following is NOT a culture-bound syndrome?
- A. Hikikomori
- B. Zar
- C. Hoopa
- D. Koro
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C, 'Hoopa,' as it is not recognized as a culture-bound syndrome. A culture-bound syndrome refers to a cluster of symptoms that are recognized and named within a specific cultural group but may not be recognized universally. Hikikomori is a culture-bound syndrome in Japan where individuals isolate themselves from social interactions. Zar is a culture-bound syndrome found in Africa and the Middle East characterized by episodes of laughing, crying, and singing. Koro is a culture-bound syndrome, primarily documented in Asian cultures, where individuals have an intense fear of genital retraction.
2. Which of the following statements is not true about selective mutism?
- A. The disturbance is often marked by high social anxiety
- B. It can be diagnosed alongside social anxiety disorder
- C. The person is capable of speaking in some situations
- D. It may lead to academic impairment
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Selective mutism can coexist with social anxiety disorder. The correct answer is B because it is incorrect to say that selective mutism cannot be diagnosed alongside social anxiety disorder. Statement A is true as selective mutism is often associated with high social anxiety. Statement C is true as individuals with selective mutism can speak in some situations. Statement D is true as selective mutism may lead to academic impairment due to difficulties in communication.
3. Daniel is pretending that one of his blocks is a car. Daniel is exhibiting which function?
- A. Abstraction
- B. Preoperational
- C. Overextension
- D. Semiotic
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Abstraction. Pretending that a block is a car demonstrates abstraction, where one object is used to represent another. Choice B, Preoperational, refers to Piaget's stage of cognitive development. Choice C, Overextension, involves using a word in a broader context than is appropriate. Choice D, Semiotic, refers to the use of symbols to represent ideas or concepts, which is not directly related to the scenario described in the question.
4. Understanding the causes of mental disorders is important because ________
- A. effective treatment is not possible without such an understanding.
- B. classification of disorders cannot be done without such information.
- C. such knowledge might make both the prevention and cure of mental disorders possible.
- D. disagreements about the causes of psychopathology have long limited the advancements made in the study of abnormal psychology.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Understanding the causes of mental disorders is crucial because it can potentially lead to both prevention and cure. By identifying the root causes, strategies can be developed to prevent the onset of disorders, and effective treatments can be tailored to address these causes directly. This approach can make treatments more efficient, as addressing the underlying factors contributing to the disorder can result in better outcomes for individuals. Choices A and B are incorrect because while understanding causes is important for effective treatment and classification, the primary focus is on prevention and cure. Choice D, while highlighting the impact of disagreements on advancements in abnormal psychology, does not directly address the importance of understanding causes for prevention and cure.
5. How does stress impact brain function?
- A. Stress has no effect on brain function.
- B. Stress can lead to changes in brain structure and function.
- C. Stress can improve brain function.
- D. Stress has no long-term impact on brain function.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Stress can lead to changes in brain structure and function, affecting mental health and increasing the risk of disorders. Choice A is incorrect as stress does affect brain function. Choice C is incorrect as stress generally has negative impacts on brain function rather than improving it. Choice D is incorrect because stress can have long-term impacts on brain function through structural and functional changes.
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