ATI RN
ATI Pathophysiology Exam 2
1. Which of the following is found in clients with Parkinson’s disease?
- A. Mobility and functioning
- B. The liver and kidneys
- C. Too much dopamine in the brain
- D. Skeletal muscle flaccidity
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Too much dopamine in the brain. Parkinson's disease is characterized by a deficiency of dopamine in the brain, not an excess. This deficiency leads to the motor symptoms associated with the disease. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect. Mobility and functioning are affected in Parkinson's disease due to the lack of dopamine, not an excess. The liver and kidneys are not directly related to Parkinson's disease. Skeletal muscle flaccidity is not typically a primary symptom of Parkinson's disease, which is more characterized by rigidity and tremors.
2. Which is the best description of a full-liquid diet?
- A. Most suitable for individuals with an ileostomy
- B. Suitable for individuals with lactose intolerance
- C. Contains low saturated fat and high fiber
- D. Provides adequate nutrients and is easily digested
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because a full-liquid diet is designed to provide adequate nutrients while being easily digested. Choices A and B are incorrect because a full-liquid diet is not specifically tailored for individuals with an ileostomy or lactose intolerance. Choice C is also incorrect as it describes characteristics that are not defining features of a full-liquid diet.
3. A patient with acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) is undergoing chemotherapy and develops neutropenia. What is the most important nursing intervention for this patient?
- A. Administering antipyretics
- B. Restricting visitors
- C. Maintaining a sterile environment
- D. Administering prophylactic antibiotics
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Maintaining a sterile environment is crucial to prevent infection in neutropenic patients.
4. What is the first-line treatment for wheezing due to an allergic reaction?
- A. Albuterol via nebulizer
- B. Cromolyn via nebulizer
- C. Methylprednisolone 100 mg IV
- D. Aminophylline 500 mg IV
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A, Albuterol via nebulizer. Albuterol is the first-line treatment for wheezing caused by an allergic reaction because it acts quickly to open the airways by relaxing the muscles in the air passages. Cromolyn (Choice B) is used for asthma prevention rather than acute wheezing. Methylprednisolone (Choice C) and Aminophylline (Choice D) are not the first-line treatments for acute wheezing in the setting of an allergic reaction.
5. A nurse is teaching a client who has diabetes mellitus about foot care. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
- A. Soak your feet in warm water every day to prevent dryness.
- B. Wear cotton socks to keep your feet dry.
- C. Apply lotion between your toes after bathing.
- D. Cut your toenails in a rounded shape.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct instruction the nurse should include is to 'Wear cotton socks to keep your feet dry.' This is essential in diabetes mellitus as moisture can lead to infections. Choice A is incorrect as soaking feet in warm water can actually cause dryness and skin breakdown, which is harmful in diabetes. Choice C is incorrect as applying lotion between the toes can create excess moisture, increasing the risk of fungal infections. Choice D is incorrect as cutting toenails in a rounded shape can lead to ingrown toenails; clients with diabetes should cut their nails straight across to prevent complications.
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