ATI RN
ATI Community Health Nursing Ch 7
1. Which of the following is an indication for tracheostomy?
- A. Drainage of pleural effusion
- B. Hemorrhage
- C. Infections
- D. Acute respiratory failure
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Tracheostomy is a surgical procedure where an incision is made in the windpipe to help with breathing. Acute respiratory failure, which can occur due to various reasons such as upper airway obstruction, is a common indication for tracheostomy. While drainage of pleural effusion, hemorrhage, and infections may require medical intervention, they are not direct indications for a tracheostomy like acute respiratory failure.
2. In an experiment, the independent variable __________.
- A. is the one the investigator expects to be influenced by another variable
- B. is the one the investigator expects to cause changes in another variable
- C. cannot be manipulated or controlled by the researcher
- D. is the number that describes how two measures are associated with each other
Correct answer: B
Rationale: In an experiment, the independent variable is the one that the investigator expects to cause changes in another variable. It is the factor that is deliberately manipulated or changed by the researcher to observe its effects on the dependent variable. The purpose of manipulating the independent variable is to study its impact on the outcome, allowing researchers to establish cause-and-effect relationships in their investigations. Choice A is incorrect because the independent variable is not influenced but rather influences another variable. Choice C is incorrect as the independent variable is intentionally manipulated by the researcher. Choice D is incorrect as it refers to a different concept unrelated to the independent variable in an experiment.
3. The nurse is planning an educational session with a group of school-age children. Which primary task from Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development should be addressed?
- A. Establishing trust in others
- B. Developing a sense of autonomy
- C. Developing a sense of industry
- D. Establishing a sense of identity
Correct answer: C
Rationale: In Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development, school-age children typically focus on developing a sense of industry. This stage, occurring during middle childhood, involves the desire to feel competent and productive in their skills and abilities. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because establishing trust in others (A) is related to the first stage of Erikson's theory (trust vs. mistrust) which occurs in infancy, developing a sense of autonomy (B) is linked to the second stage (autonomy vs. shame and doubt) which occurs in early childhood, and establishing a sense of identity (D) is associated with the fifth stage (identity vs. role confusion) which occurs in adolescence.
4. One of the major differences in clinical presentation between Crohn disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) is that UC is more likely to cause which clinical manifestation?
- A. Pain
- B. Rectal bleeding
- C. Perianal lesions
- D. Growth retardation
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Rectal bleeding is more commonly associated with ulcerative colitis (UC) than with Crohn disease (CD). While both conditions can cause abdominal pain and growth issues, bleeding is a hallmark of UC due to its superficial mucosal inflammation. Perianal lesions are more characteristic of CD, and growth retardation is typically not a direct clinical manifestation of either CD or UC.
5. What is the action of amphotericin B?
- A. It binds to ergosterol and forms holes in the membrane.
- B. It binds to an enzyme required for the synthesis of ergosterol.
- C. It disrupts the fungal cell walls rather than the cell membrane.
- D. It inhibits glucan synthetase required for glucan synthesis.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Amphotericin B is an antifungal medication that acts by binding to ergosterol, a component of fungal cell membranes, forming pores that disrupt the integrity of the membrane. This action leads to leakage of cellular contents and ultimately cell death. Choice B is incorrect as amphotericin B does not bind to an enzyme required for the synthesis of ergosterol. Choice C is incorrect as the drug primarily affects the cell membrane rather than the cell wall. Choice D is also incorrect as amphotericin B does not inhibit glucan synthetase.
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