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1. Which of the following is an example of a sentinel event?
- A. A patient fall with no injury
- B. A medication error that results in no harm
- C. A patient suicide while in a healthcare facility
- D. A near miss incident
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C, a patient suicide while in a healthcare facility. A sentinel event is an unexpected occurrence involving death or serious physical or psychological injury. Choices A, B, and D do not meet the criteria for sentinel events as described by The Joint Commission, as they do not involve death or serious harm to the patient.
2. Which of the following accurately describes the pathophysiology of asthma?
- A. Chronic inflammation of the bronchial lining
- B. Narrowing of the airway due to bronchoconstriction
- C. Damage to alveoli reducing lung elasticity
- D. Overproduction of mucus by the goblet cells
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: "Narrowing of the airway due to bronchoconstriction." In asthma, there is an inflammatory response that leads to bronchoconstriction, causing the airways to narrow and making it difficult to breathe. Choice A is incorrect as chronic inflammation is a feature of asthma but not the primary pathophysiological mechanism. Choice C is incorrect as damage to alveoli is more characteristic of conditions like emphysema. Choice D is incorrect as overproduction of mucus is a feature of chronic bronchitis, not asthma.
3. The nurse is conducting discharge teaching with the parent of a 7-year-old child with minimal change nephrotic syndrome (MCNS). What statement by the parent indicates a correct understanding of the teaching?
- A. My child needs to stay home from school for at least 1 more month.
- B. I should not add additional salt to any of my child's meals.
- C. My child will not be able to participate in contact sports while receiving corticosteroid therapy.
- D. I should measure my child's urine after each void and report the 24-hour amount to the healthcare provider.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Avoiding additional salt is crucial to help manage edema in children with MCNS. While monitoring urine output is important, the other statements either misinterpret the need for prolonged school absence or misunderstand the risk associated with contact sports during steroid therapy.
4. What is the term for a condition where one or more members of a household, including children, consistently have little or no food due to lack of money?
- A. Marginal Food Security
- B. Food Desert
- C. Very Low Food Security
- D. Food Insecurity
Correct answer: D: Food Insecurity
Rationale: The correct answer is 'D: Food Insecurity'. This term specifically describes a situation where household members consistently have inadequate access to food due to financial constraints. 'Marginal Food Security' (Choice A) refers to a situation where the quality or variety of food is reduced, but there is no significant decrease in food intake. A 'Food Desert' (Choice B) is an area with limited access to affordable and nutritious food. 'Very Low Food Security' (Choice C) is a term used to describe a severe level of food insecurity where eating patterns of household members are disrupted and food intake is reduced.
5. A nurse is preparing to administer enteral feedings to a client with a nasogastric (NG) tube. What action should the nurse take first?
- A. Measure the residual gastric volume
- B. Verify tube placement
- C. Flush the tube with 100 mL of water
- D. Administer the feeding in small boluses
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Verifying tube placement is the crucial initial step a nurse should take before administering enteral feedings through an NG tube. This step ensures that the tube is correctly positioned in the stomach, reducing the risk of complications such as aspiration. Measuring residual gastric volume, flushing the tube with water, or administering the feeding in small boluses are all important steps in enteral feeding but should only be done after confirming the correct tube placement.
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