Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following is a leadership style that assumes individuals are motivated by internal forces and uses participation and majority rule to get work done?

• A. Autocratic leadership
• B. Laissez-faire leadership
• C. Democratic leadership
• D. Transactional leadership

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Democratic leadership is a leadership style that operates on the belief that individuals are motivated by internal forces. It involves encouraging participation and decision-making through majority rule to accomplish tasks. This leadership approach fosters collaboration, empowerment, and involvement of team members in decision-making processes. Autocratic leadership (choice A) is characterized by centralized control and little input from team members. Laissez-faire leadership (choice B) involves minimal interference and provides little guidance or direction. Transactional leadership (choice D) is based on exchanges between leaders and followers for desired outcomes, focusing on rewards and punishments rather than internal motivation and participation.

2. A nurse is caring for a client who has diarrhea due to shigella. Which of the following precautions should the nurse implement for this client?

• A. Have the client wear a mask when receiving visitors.
• B. Limit the client's time with visitors to no more than 30 minutes per day.
• C. Assign the client to a room with negative-pressure airflow exchange.
• D. Wear a gown when caring for the client.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because limiting the client's time with visitors helps prevent the spread of shigella infection to others. Shigella is transmitted through the fecal-oral route, so minimizing contact time reduces the risk of transmission. Choice A is incorrect as there is no need for the client to wear a mask in this situation. Choice C is also incorrect as negative-pressure airflow exchange rooms are typically used for clients with airborne infections. Choice D is incorrect as wearing a gown is not the primary precaution needed for shigella infection.

3. An expensive variable in salary budgets is overtime pay. Which of the following is a viable option to reduce overtime?

• A. Limiting overtime for highly paid workers
• B. Reducing the number of beds
• C. Using per diem workers
• D. Refusing to pay overtime

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Using per diem workers. By utilizing per diem workers, organizations can flexibly adjust staffing levels based on demand without incurring overtime costs. This approach helps in managing overtime budgets effectively. Choice A is incorrect because limiting overtime for highly paid workers may not address the root cause of overtime expenses. Choice B is incorrect as reducing the number of beds does not directly impact overtime costs. Choice D is not a practical solution as refusing to pay overtime can lead to legal issues and employee dissatisfaction.

4. What is the primary focus of strategic planning in healthcare organizations?

• A. Financial performance
• B. Staff satisfaction
• C. Patient care quality
• D. Regulatory compliance

Correct answer: C

Rationale: In healthcare organizations, the primary focus of strategic planning is to enhance patient care quality. While financial performance, staff satisfaction, and regulatory compliance are essential aspects in healthcare management, they are secondary to the overarching goal of providing high-quality care to patients. Financial performance ensures sustainability, staff satisfaction impacts productivity and retention, and regulatory compliance maintains legal standards. However, without a core focus on improving patient care quality, the strategic planning efforts may not align with the primary mission of healthcare organizations.

5. In a multiple-car accident with multiple trauma clients being sent to an Emergency Department, which type of leadership would be most effective in this situation?

• A. Democratic
• B. Bureaucratic
• C. Laissez-faire
• D. Autocratic

Correct answer: D

Rationale: In a high-stress situation like a multiple-car accident with multiple trauma clients arriving at the Emergency Department, autocratic leadership is most effective. This type of leadership allows for clear direction and quick decision-making, crucial in managing emergencies. Democratic leadership may slow down the decision-making process due to the need for consensus. Bureaucratic leadership focuses on following established rules and procedures, which may not be flexible enough in an emergency. Laissez-faire leadership, characterized by a hands-off approach, is not suitable in urgent situations where immediate action is required.

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