ATI RN
Nutrition ATI Proctored Exam 2023
1. What is the best snack choice for a preschool-age child?
- A. Fruit snacks
- B. Mini wheat bagel with peanut butter
- C. White toast with jelly
- D. Sports drink
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The best snack choice for a preschool-age child is a mini wheat bagel with peanut butter as it provides a good balance of carbohydrates, protein, and healthy fats. Fruit snacks, although they contain some fruit flavor, are often high in added sugars and lack essential nutrients. White toast with jelly may provide quick energy but lacks protein and healthy fats, which are important for a balanced snack choice. Sports drinks are typically high in sugar and unnecessary for a preschool-age child's snack, as they are designed for rehydration during intense physical activity, not as a regular snack option.
2. A client taking antibiotics develops diarrhea. Which of the following foods should the nurse recommend to include in the client’s diet?
- A. Whole wheat bread
- B. Fresh orange sections
- C. Ice cream
- D. Yogurt
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Yogurt is the correct answer because it contains probiotics that can help restore normal gut flora and reduce antibiotic-associated diarrhea. Whole wheat bread (Choice A) may worsen diarrhea due to its high fiber content. Fresh orange sections (Choice B) are acidic and may irritate the digestive system further. Ice cream (Choice C) is high in sugar and fat, which can exacerbate diarrhea.
3. The purpose of chest percussion and vibration is to loosen secretions in the lungs. The difference between the procedures is:
- A. Percussion uses only one hand, while vibration uses both hands
- B. Percussion delivers cushioned blows to the chest with cupped palms, while vibration gently shakes secretions loose
- C. In both percussion and vibration, the hands are not on top of each other, and hand action is not in tune with the client's breath
- D. Percussion slaps the chest to loosen secretions, while vibration shakes the secretions along with the inhalation
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Chest percussion involves the use of rhythmic tapping to dislodge mucus from the lungs, facilitating its movement toward the larger airways where it can be expelled. This technique is particularly important in conditions where mucus retention is a significant risk factor for infection. The key difference between chest percussion and vibration is that percussion involves slapping the chest to loosen secretions, while vibration involves shaking the secretions along with the inhalation, aiding in moving the loosened secretions upwards for easier removal. Choices A, B, and C do not accurately describe the main difference between chest percussion and vibration, making them incorrect.
4. A patient following a vegetarian diet might be at risk for deficiency in which nutrient?
- A. Vitamin C
- B. Vitamin B12
- C. Vitamin A
- D. Vitamin D
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Vitamin B12 is primarily found in animal products, so vegetarians may need supplementation.
5. A nurse is providing dietary teaching to a client who has a new diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux disease. Which of the following foods or beverages should the nurse recommend to minimize heartburn?
- A. Orange juice
- B. Decaffeinated coffee
- C. Peppermint
- D. Potatoes
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Potatoes are bland and less likely to relax the lower esophageal sphincter, making them a suitable choice to minimize heartburn in clients with gastroesophageal reflux disease. Orange juice and peppermint are acidic and can exacerbate GERD symptoms, while coffee, even decaffeinated, can stimulate acid production and worsen heartburn.