Nursing Elites

1. What factor is most likely to improve health outcomes in a community?

• A. Access to affordable health care
• B. Community engagement and participation
• C. Implementing health education programs
• D. Strong leadership

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Community engagement and participation play a crucial role in improving health outcomes by ensuring that interventions are relevant and supported by the community. When individuals are actively involved and engaged in health initiatives, it promotes a sense of ownership, increases awareness, and fosters collaboration within the community, ultimately leading to more effective and sustainable health outcomes.

2. What is the most influential factor in determining health outcomes?

• A. Genetic predisposition to diseases
• B. Socioeconomic status
• C. Access to health care services
• D. Lifestyle choices

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Socioeconomic status plays a crucial role in determining health outcomes as it impacts access to resources, education, living conditions, and healthcare services. Individuals with higher socioeconomic status generally have better health outcomes due to easier access to quality healthcare, healthier living environments, and resources to make healthier lifestyle choices.

3. The public health nurse is reading information from a study that states that hypertension may be associated with an odds ratio of 2.49, meaning the patient is approximately 2.5 times more likely to have a severe form of COVID-19 than those without hypertension. The nurse describes the odds ratio as:

• A. a measure of association between an exposure and an outcome
• B. an absolute risk increase
• C. a measure of statistical significance
• D. a measure of precision

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The odds ratio is a measure of association between an exposure and an outcome. In this context, an odds ratio of 2.49 indicates that individuals with hypertension are approximately 2.5 times more likely to develop severe COVID-19 compared to those without hypertension. Therefore, choice A is correct as it accurately defines the role of odds ratio in assessing the relationship between an exposure (hypertension) and an outcome (severe COVID-19). Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they do not describe the nature of odds ratio.

4. James' illness can be classified as:

• A. Pneumonia
• B. Very severe illness
• C. Severe pneumonia
• D. No pneumonia

Correct answer: D

Rationale: James' illness can be classified as 'No pneumonia' because there are no general danger signs present, and his breathing rate is normal, indicating the absence of pneumonia.

5. Paralysis of all or part of the trunk, legs, and pelvic organs is referred to as:

• A. Hemiplegia
• B. Tetraplegia
• C. Paraplegia
• D. Hemiparesis

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Paraplegia is the paralysis of the lower half of the body, including both legs and often the trunk and pelvic organs. Hemiplegia refers to paralysis affecting one side of the body, while tetraplegia involves paralysis of all four limbs and the trunk. Hemiparesis is a partial weakness affecting one side of the body.

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