ATI RN
ATI RN Custom Exams Set 2
1. Which electrolyte imbalance is a potential side effect of diuretics?
- A. Hyperkalemia
- B. Hypercalcemia
- C. Hypomagnesemia
- D. Hypokalemia
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D, Hypokalemia. Diuretics commonly cause hypokalemia due to increased urinary excretion of potassium. Hyperkalemia (Choice A) is the opposite, characterized by high potassium levels and is not typically associated with diuretics. Hypercalcemia (Choice B) is an elevated calcium level, which is not a common side effect of diuretics. Hypomagnesemia (Choice C) is low magnesium levels, which can be a side effect of diuretics, but the most common electrolyte imbalance associated with diuretics is hypokalemia.
2. A healthcare provider is caring for a client who has been diagnosed with sepsis. Which of the following laboratory results indicates that the client is developing disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)?
- A. Elevated hemoglobin
- B. Elevated white blood cell count
- C. Decreased fibrinogen level
- D. Decreased platelet count
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D, decreased platelet count. In disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), there is widespread activation of clotting factors leading to the formation of multiple blood clots throughout the body, which can deplete platelets. A decreased platelet count is a hallmark of DIC. Elevated hemoglobin (choice A) and elevated white blood cell count (choice B) are not specific indicators of DIC. While fibrinogen levels (choice C) can be decreased in DIC due to consumption, a decreased platelet count is a more specific and early sign of DIC development.
3. A client with a new diagnosis of hypertension is being taught by a nurse. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?
- A. I should avoid eating foods high in potassium.
- B. I will check my blood pressure at least once a week.
- C. I should increase my intake of dairy products.
- D. I should exercise for 30 minutes at least 5 days a week.
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D. Exercising for 30 minutes at least 5 days a week helps manage hypertension by promoting cardiovascular health. Statements A, B, and C are incorrect. Avoiding foods high in potassium is not necessary unless specifically advised by a healthcare provider. Checking blood pressure once a week is not frequent enough for effective monitoring. Increasing dairy product intake is not a recommended approach to managing hypertension.
4. Michael, a 42 y.o. man is admitted to the med-surg floor with a diagnosis of acute pancreatitis. His BP is 136/76, pulse 96, Resps 22 and temp 101. His past history includes hyperlipidemia and alcohol abuse. The doctor prescribes an NG tube. Before inserting the tube, you explain the purpose to patient. Which of the following is a most accurate explanation?
- A. It empties the stomach of fluids and gas.
- B. It prevents spasms at the sphincter of Oddi.
- C. It prevents air from forming in the small intestine and large intestine.
- D. It removes bile from the gallbladder.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Explain to the patient that the NG tube is used to empty the stomach of fluids and gas, which helps relieve symptoms of acute pancreatitis.
5. Which statement is incorrect regarding an informed consent signed by a patient?
- A. The nurse is responsible for obtaining the consent for surgery
- B. Patients under 18 years of age may need a parent or legal guardian to sign a consent form
- C. The nurse can witness the client signing the consent form
- D. It is the nurse's responsibility to ensure the patient has been educated by the physician about the procedure before informed consent is obtained
Correct answer: The nurse is responsible for obtaining the consent for surgery
Rationale: The statement 'The nurse is responsible for obtaining the consent for surgery' is incorrect. The responsibility of obtaining informed consent for surgery lies with the physician or surgeon performing the procedure. Nurses can assist in the process by witnessing the client signing the consent form, ensuring the patient is educated about the procedure by the physician, and verifying that the consent process is voluntary and informed. For patients under 18 years of age, a parent or legal guardian typically needs to sign the consent form on behalf of the minor, as they are not legally able to provide consent themselves.