Nursing Elites

1. Which dietary modification is most suitable for a client with type 2 diabetes who wants to improve glycemic control?

• A. Increase intake of saturated fats
• B. Decrease intake of refined carbohydrates
• C. Completely avoid all fruits
• D. Increase intake of sugary snacks

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Decreasing the intake of refined carbohydrates is the most effective dietary modification for a client with type 2 diabetes who aims to improve their glycemic control. Refined carbohydrates can cause sudden spikes in blood sugar levels, making diabetes management more difficult. Increasing the intake of saturated fats (Choice A) is not advisable as it can negatively impact heart health. Completely avoiding all fruits (Choice C) is unnecessary because most fruits have a low glycemic index and provide essential nutrients. Increasing the intake of sugary snacks (Choice D) will deteriorate glycemic control due to their high sugar content.

2. Which of the following groups of vitamins are fat-soluble?

• A. vitamins B and C
• B. vitamins A and C
• C. vitamins B, E, K, D
• D. vitamins A, E, K, D

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: vitamins A, E, K, and D. Fat-soluble vitamins are absorbed along with fats in the diet and can be stored in the body's fatty tissue. Vitamins B and C are water-soluble vitamins and are not stored in the body; any excess amounts are usually excreted in the urine. Therefore, choices A, B, and C are incorrect.

3. A nurse is providing teaching to an obese client who has gestational diabetes and is at 25 weeks of gestation. Which of the following statements made by the client indicates a need for further teaching?

• A. This does not mean that my baby will have this disease.
• B. This means that I will have diabetes for the rest of my life.
• C. If I feel dizzy, I should drink six ounces of a non-diet soda.
• D. Being obese might be one reason why I developed diabetes.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The statement 'This means that I will have diabetes for the rest of my life' indicates a need for further teaching. Gestational diabetes often resolves after pregnancy, although it does indicate a higher risk for developing type 2 diabetes in the future. The other choices are correct or provide appropriate information: A) Understanding that gestational diabetes does not mean the baby will have the disease is accurate. C) Advising to drink non-diet soda if feeling dizzy is incorrect and potentially harmful due to the sugar content. D) Recognizing that obesity can be a risk factor for developing diabetes is a valid statement.

4. When documenting outcome of Richard’s treatment Mario should include the following in his recording EXCEPT:

• A. Color, amount and consistency of sputum
• B. Character of breath sounds and respiratory rate before and after procedure
• C. Amount of fluid intake of client before and after the procedure
• D. Significant changes in vital signs

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Nursing interventions should be grounded in a deep understanding of the physiological processes involved, ensuring that care provided is both effective and efficient.

5. A client is on a 2,000-calorie American Diabetes Association (ADA) diet and substitutes whole milk with skim milk. Which of the following items can the client add to the oatmeal on his breakfast tray?

• A. One 1/8 teaspoon of salt
• B. One ounce of raisins
• C. One tablespoon of low-fat margarine
• D. One teaspoon of brown sugar

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is one ounce of raisins. Raisins are a healthy option to add to oatmeal as they provide natural sweetness without added sugars. They are a good source of fiber and essential nutrients. Option A, one 1/8 teaspoon of salt, is not necessary for flavoring oatmeal. Option C, one tablespoon of low-fat margarine, may add unnecessary fat to the meal. Option D, one teaspoon of brown sugar, adds extra sugar, which should be limited in a diabetes-friendly diet.

Similar Questions