Nursing Elites

1. Which characteristic presents the greatest risk for injury to others in a patient diagnosed with schizophrenia?

• A. Depersonalization
• B. Pressured speech
• C. Negative symptoms
• D. Paranoia

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Paranoia in patients with schizophrenia can lead to aggressive behaviors, including violence, which poses a significant risk of injury to others. Individuals experiencing paranoia may perceive others as threats and act defensively or aggressively in response, increasing the likelihood of harm to those around them.

2. In treating social anxiety disorder, which medication is commonly prescribed to patients with this condition?

• A. Methylphenidate
• B. Sertraline
• C. Lithium
• D. Haloperidol

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Sertraline is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) commonly used to treat social anxiety disorder. SSRIs are a first-line pharmacological treatment for social anxiety disorder due to their effectiveness in reducing anxiety symptoms by increasing serotonin levels in the brain, which helps regulate mood and emotions. Methylphenidate is a stimulant primarily used in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) but not in social anxiety disorder. Lithium is typically used in bipolar disorder, while haloperidol is an antipsychotic medication more commonly used in conditions like schizophrenia. Therefore, the correct choice for treating social anxiety disorder is Sertraline (B).

3. Which statement made by the patient demonstrates an understanding of the effective use of newly prescribed lithium to manage bipolar mania? Select one that doesn't apply.

• A. I remind myself to consistently drink six 12-ounce glasses of fluid every day.
• B. I discussed the diuretic prescribed by my cardiologist with my psychiatric care provider.
• C. Lithium may help me lose the few extra pounds I tend to carry around.
• D. I take my lithium on an empty stomach to help with absorption.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Proper hydration, discussing other medications, and taking lithium with or without food are important for effective and safe use of lithium. However, lithium is not prescribed for weight loss, and its usage should not be associated with losing extra pounds.

4. Which patient should be most carefully assessed for fluid and electrolyte imbalance among those receiving the following drugs?

• A. lithium (Eskalith)
• B. clozapine (Clozaril)
• C. diazepam (Valium)
• D. amitriptyline

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Lithium is known to cause polyuria (excessive urination) and polydipsia (excessive thirst), which can lead to fluid and electrolyte imbalances. Therefore, patients receiving lithium should be carefully monitored for signs of fluid and electrolyte disturbances to prevent any potential complications.

5. A client has been diagnosed with generalized anxiety disorder. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?

• A. Shortness of breath
• B. Chest pain
• C. Excessive worry
• D. Decreased appetite

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Individuals with generalized anxiety disorder commonly exhibit symptoms like excessive worry, restlessness, and difficulty concentrating. Physical manifestations such as muscle tension and sleep disturbances are also prevalent. Shortness of breath and chest pain are more commonly associated with panic attacks rather than generalized anxiety disorder. Decreased appetite may be present in some cases, but excessive worry is a hallmark characteristic of generalized anxiety disorder.

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