Nursing Elites

1. What happens when Mrs. Guevarra, a nurse, delegates aspects of the client's care to the nurse-aide, an unlicensed staff member?

• A. Mrs. Guevarra makes the assignment to instruct the staff member
• B. Mrs. Guevarra is assigning the responsibility to the aide but not the accountability for those tasks
• C. Mrs. Guevarra does not need to directly supervise or evaluate the aide
• D. Mrs. Guevarra must know how to perform the task being delegated

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C. While it is true that Mrs. Guevarra is delegating tasks to the nurse-aide, she does not necessarily have to directly supervise or evaluate the aide. She still retains the overall accountability for the care of the client, but direct supervision of the aide is not a requirement for delegation. Choice A is incorrect because the primary purpose of delegation is not instruction. Choice B is also incorrect because although Mrs. Guevarra is delegating tasks, she still retains accountability for those tasks. Finally, choice D is incorrect because the ability to perform the task being delegated is not a requirement for the delegator; the delegatee should have the necessary skills and knowledge to perform the delegated tasks.

2. The ideal time to begin taking folate to prevent neural tube defects is:

• A. Before conception
• B. Once pregnancy begins
• C. At 6 weeks
• D. Upon completion of the first trimester

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Folate is crucial before conception to prevent neural tube defects. Neural tube development occurs early in pregnancy, often before a woman knows she is pregnant.

3. A breastfeeding mother complains that she missed her son's last two feedings and now her breasts have become full, hard, and uncomfortable. This condition is known as _____.

• A. mastitis
• B. engorgement
• C. letdown
• D. galactorrhea

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Engorgement occurs when the breasts become overly full, leading to discomfort and sometimes difficulty with latching. It can be relieved by feeding or expressing milk. Mastitis, choice A, is characterized by breast inflammation usually caused by an infection. Letdown, choice C, refers to the release of milk from the breast. Galactorrhea, choice D, is the spontaneous flow of milk from the breast unassociated with childbirth or nursing.

4. Nancy blames God for her situation. She is easily provoked to tears and wants to be left alone, refusing to eat or talk to her family. A religious person before, she now refuses to pray or go to church stating that God has abandoned her. The nurse understands that Nancy is grieving for her self and is in the stage of:

• A. bargaining
• B. denial
• C. anger
• D. acceptance

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Understanding the underlying pathology and therapeutic techniques ensures that nursing care is not only reactive but also preventative, reducing the risk of complications.

5. When should a newborn transition to whole milk according to dietary teaching for breastfeeding parents?

• A. 6 months
• B. 8 months
• C. 10 months
• D. 12 months

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Breast milk or formula should be the primary source of nutrition for infants up to around 1 year of age. The transition to whole cow's milk is recommended at 12 months of age, not earlier. Introducing whole milk before 12 months can lead to digestive issues and nutrient deficiencies. Therefore, choices A, B, and C are incorrect as they suggest transitioning to whole milk before the recommended age of 12 months.

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