Nursing Elites

1. In persons who are obese, weight reduction can improve such CHD risk factors as hypertension, blood lipid abnormalities, and?

• A. inflammation
• B. insulin resistance
• C. gastrointestinal motility disorders
• D. damage from cigarette smoking

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Weight reduction in obese individuals can improve insulin resistance, a key factor in reducing the risk of coronary heart disease and type 2 diabetes.

2. A nurse is providing anticipatory guidance to a client who has Phenylketonuria (PKU) and is planning a pregnancy. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the discussion?

• A. Diet sodas should not be consumed more than two or three times a week.
• B. Serum bilirubin should be monitored once or twice a month during pregnancy.
• C. Breastfeeding will not prevent your baby from developing PKU.
• D. A low-protein diet should be followed for three months before conception.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: A low-protein diet should be followed for three months before conception in individuals with PKU who are planning a pregnancy. This diet helps manage PKU by reducing phenylalanine levels, which is crucial for maternal and fetal health. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect. Choice A is not directly related to managing PKU, choice B focuses on a different aspect of care during pregnancy, and choice C is inaccurate as breastfeeding will not prevent a baby from developing PKU.

3. Almost all (99%) of the calcium in the body is used for?

• A. regulating the transmission of nerve impulses
• B. providing energy for cells
• C. providing rigidity for the bones
• D. regulating muscle contraction

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: providing rigidity for the bones. Almost all of the calcium in the body is utilized for maintaining the strength and structure of bones and teeth. Calcium plays a crucial role in skeletal health by providing rigidity and support to the skeletal system. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because while calcium is essential for various physiological functions like nerve transmission, cell energy production, and muscle contraction, the majority of calcium in the body is primarily allocated for bone health.

4. If a person could not make bile, what would happen?

• A. experience fatigue, as the body would not be able to make lipid carriers to deliver fat to body cells for energy
• B. have less cholesterol being made by the liver
• C. need to consume higher levels of fat
• D. be unable to absorb most lipids, and fat would be excreted in the feces

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. Bile is essential for emulsifying fats in the small intestine, allowing them to be absorbed. Without bile, most fats would not be absorbed and would be excreted in the feces. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because the primary role of bile is in the digestion and absorption of fats, rather than affecting lipid carriers, cholesterol production, or dietary fat consumption.

5. A healthcare provider is teaching a client about nutritional requirements necessary to promote wound healing. Which of the following nutrients should the provider include in the teaching?

• A. Protein
• B. Calcium
• C. Vitamin B1
• D. Vitamin D

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Protein is crucial for wound healing as it plays a vital role in tissue repair and synthesis. Calcium is important for bone health but not directly related to wound healing. Vitamin B1 is essential for energy production but not specifically significant for wound healing. Vitamin D is essential for bone health and immune function but is not a primary nutrient emphasized for wound healing.

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