Nursing Elites

1. What is the procedure called when direct observations are used to generate an estimate of a client's current food intake?

• A. Food diary
• B. 24-hour recall
• C. Kilocalorie count
• D. Nutrient surveillance record

Correct answer: C

Rationale: A kilocalorie count is the correct answer as it involves directly observing a client's food intake, which is often used in hospitals to accurately assess nutritional intake and ensure it meets dietary requirements. A food diary (Choice A) is typically self-reported by the client and not directly observed. A 24-hour recall (Choice B) is also usually self-reported and relies on a client's memory of the past 24 hours, which can be unreliable. A nutrient surveillance record (Choice D) is a broader term for tracking nutrient intake in a population and is not specific to the direct observation of an individual's food intake.

2. Which term is used to describe populations located in lower income, inner city, and rural areas with few supermarkets but numerous small stores stocking limited nutritious food items?

• A. Food fad
• B. Food insecurity
• C. Food desert
• D. Food patterns

Correct answer: C

Rationale: A food desert refers to areas with limited access to affordable and nutritious food, often found in lower-income urban and rural areas.

3. Which set of guidelines is intended to assess nutrient adequacy or plan intake of a population group, not individuals?

• A. RDA
• B. EAR
• C. DRA
• D. UL

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) is the correct choice because it is specifically designed to assess the nutrient adequacy of population groups, not individuals. The Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) (choice A) is the average daily level of intake sufficient to meet the nutrient requirements of nearly all (97%-98%) healthy individuals in a particular life stage and gender group. The Dietary Reference Intake (DRI) (choice C) includes the EAR, RDA, Adequate Intake (AI), and UL, making it a broader set of nutrient reference values. The Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL) (choice D) is the highest average daily nutrient intake level that is likely to pose no risk of adverse health effects to almost all individuals in the general population.

4. What are the manifestations of nephrotic syndrome?

• A. Dehydration
• B. Uremia
• C. Infection
• D. Low blood lipids

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Infection is a common manifestation of nephrotic syndrome. This is due to the loss of immunoglobulins in the urine, which weakens the body's immune defenses. Dehydration (Choice A) and uremia (Choice B) can be symptoms of kidney dysfunction but are not specific manifestations of nephrotic syndrome. Low blood lipids (Choice D) is incorrect as nephrotic syndrome typically results in high, not low, blood lipid levels due to the body's attempt to replace lost proteins.

5. What sensation is used as a gauge so that patients with ileostomy can determine how often their pouch should be drained?

• A. Sensation of taste
• B. Sensation of pressure
• C. Sensation of smell
• D. Urge to defecate

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Sensation of pressure. Patients with ileostomy can determine how often their pouch should be drained by feeling the sensation of pressure. This is important as it helps prevent leakage or overflow of the pouch. The sensation of taste (choice A) and smell (choice C) are not typically used as gauges for draining the pouch in ileostomy patients. The urge to defecate (choice D) is not relevant in this context as patients with ileostomy do not pass stool through the rectum.

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