Nursing Elites

1. A nurse is instructing teenage girls on the importance of adequate calcium intake throughout their life span to prevent complications. Which complication should the nurse include in the teaching?

• A. Goiter
• B. Osteoporosis
• C. Heart disease
• D. Dental caries

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Osteoporosis. Adequate calcium intake throughout life helps prevent osteoporosis, a condition characterized by weak and brittle bones, which is common in older adults. Goiter is caused by an iodine deficiency, not calcium. Heart disease is more related to factors like cholesterol and blood pressure. Dental caries are primarily influenced by oral hygiene and sugar intake, not just calcium.

2. What instruction should a nurse include when teaching a client who has recently been prescribed a low-sodium diet?

• A. Avoid foods such as smoked meats and frozen dinners.
• B. Select foods with less than 4g of sodium as indicated on food labels.
• C. Use soy sauce for flavoring foods instead of table salt.
• D. Processed and prepared foods are typically low in sodium.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A, which directs the client to avoid foods such as smoked meats and frozen dinners. These types of foods are typically high in sodium, making them unsuitable for a low-sodium diet. Option B is incorrect because foods with less than 4g of sodium might still be high in sodium for individuals on low-sodium diets. The daily recommended intake of sodium for a low-sodium diet is usually around 1.5g to 2g. Hence, 4g of sodium in a single food product can be excessive. Option C is incorrect as soy sauce, although a different source of flavor, is also high in sodium and should be used sparingly, if at all, in a low-sodium diet. Option D is incorrect because processed and prepared foods are usually not low in sodium. In fact, these foods often have high sodium content due to added salts and preservatives.

3. You are doing bed bath to the client when suddenly, The nursing assistant rushed to the room and tell you that the client from the other room was in Pain. The best intervention in such case is:

• A. Raise the side rails, cover the client and put the call bell within reach and then attend to the client in pain to give the
• B. Tell the nursing assistant to give the pain medication to the client complaining of pain
• C. Tell the nursing assistant to go the client’s room and tell the client to wait
• D. Finish the bed bath quickly then rush to the client in Pain

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Understanding the underlying pathology and therapeutic techniques ensures that nursing care is not only reactive but also preventative, reducing the risk of complications.

4. Each statement is true regarding oral exposure to fermentable carbohydrates, except one. Which is the exception?

• A. Longer exposure leads to an increased risk of demineralization
• B. Longer exposure increases the opportunity for remineralization
• C. The Stephan curve illustrates pH changes within plaque after rinsing with a sugar solution
• D. The critical pH at which enamel decalcification occurs is 5.5 or less

Correct answer: B

Rationale: All the statements above are accurate about oral exposure to fermentable carbohydrates, except for option B. In fact, longer exposure to these carbohydrates decreases the opportunity for remineralization. This is because the process of demineralization, in which minerals are lost from the tooth enamel, is sped up by the presence of fermentable carbohydrates. The Stephan curve (option C) is a graph that demonstrates how the pH of dental plaque changes after a sugar rinse, usually dropping (becoming more acidic), which can lead to enamel decalcification. Option D is also accurate, as a pH of 5.5 or lower is the critical point at which enamel starts to decalcify.

5. In some hip surgeries, an epidural catheter for Fentanyl epidural analgesia is given. What is your nursing priority care in such a case?

• A. Instruct the client to observe strict bed rest
• B. Check for epidural catheter drainage
• C. Administer analgesia through the epidural catheter as prescribed
• D. Assess respiratory rate carefully

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The nursing priority care in a case where an epidural catheter for Fentanyl epidural analgesia is given during hip surgeries is to assess the respiratory rate carefully. Respiratory depression is a potential side effect of Fentanyl, especially when administered epidurally. Monitoring the respiratory rate is crucial to detect any signs of respiratory distress promptly. Instructing the client to observe strict bed rest (Choice A) may be necessary but is not the priority over ensuring respiratory function. Checking for epidural catheter drainage (Choice B) and administering analgesia through the epidural catheter as prescribed (Choice C) are important aspects of care, but ensuring adequate ventilation takes precedence to prevent complications.

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