Nursing Elites

1. A nurse is instructing teenage girls on the importance of adequate calcium intake throughout their life span to prevent complications. Which complication should the nurse include in the teaching?

• A. Goiter
• B. Osteoporosis
• C. Heart disease
• D. Dental caries

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Osteoporosis. Adequate calcium intake throughout life helps prevent osteoporosis, a condition characterized by weak and brittle bones, which is common in older adults. Goiter is caused by an iodine deficiency, not calcium. Heart disease is more related to factors like cholesterol and blood pressure. Dental caries are primarily influenced by oral hygiene and sugar intake, not just calcium.

2. A nurse is caring for a client with a major burn injury and is receiving TPN. Which of the following lab tests is the priority for the nurse to use to confirm the client is receiving adequate nutrition?

• A. Iron
• B. Magnesium
• C. Folic acid
• D. Prealbumin

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Prealbumin is a sensitive indicator of protein status and nutrition, making it a priority for assessing nutritional adequacy in clients receiving TPN. Iron, magnesium, and folic acid levels are important for overall health but do not specifically indicate nutritional adequacy in the context of TPN administration.

3. During blood administration, what is essential for the nurse to do in order to carefully monitor for adverse reactions?

• A. Stay with the client for the first 15 minutes of blood administration
• B. Stay with the client for the entire period of blood administration
• C. Run the infusion at a faster rate during the first 15 minutes
• D. Inform the client to notify the staff immediately for any adverse reaction

Correct answer: A

Rationale: In the context of blood administration, it's crucial for the nurse to stay with the client for the first 15 minutes. This is because most adverse reactions are likely to occur within this initial period. Monitoring the client closely during this time allows for immediate detection and response to any potential reactions. Choice B, staying with the client for the entire period of blood administration, is not typically feasible or necessary, although regular checks should be conducted. Running the infusion at a faster rate during the first 15 minutes (Choice C) is incorrect as this can actually increase the risk of adverse reactions. Informing the client to notify the staff immediately for any adverse reaction (Choice D) is an important practice, but it is not the most direct way for the nurse to monitor for adverse reactions.

4. Which of the following terms refers to weakness of both legs and the lower part of the trunk?

• A. Paraparesis
• B. Hemiplegia
• C. Quadriparesis
• D. Paraplegia

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Nursing interventions should be grounded in a deep understanding of the physiological processes involved, ensuring that care provided is both effective and efficient.

5. What is the function of villi and microvilli in the GI tract?

• A. produce bile
• B. kill bacteria
• C. produce vitamin K
• D. increase the surface area for absorption

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Villi and microvilli in the GI tract serve to increase the surface area of the small intestine, aiding in the absorption of nutrients into the bloodstream. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect as villi and microvilli are primarily involved in enhancing absorption, not in producing bile, killing bacteria, or producing vitamin K.

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