Nursing Elites

1. When classmates are asked to rate each other's likability, __________ children get many positive votes, whereas __________ children are seldom mentioned.

• A. popular; neglected
• B. neglected; rejected
• C. popular; rejected
• D. controversial; neglected

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: 'popular; neglected.' Popular children are well-liked by their peers, hence they receive many positive votes. Neglected children, on the other hand, are often overlooked or ignored, resulting in them being seldom mentioned. Choice B is incorrect because neglected and rejected have different meanings. Choice C is incorrect as popular and rejected do not align with the likability context provided in the question. Choice D is incorrect as controversial does not directly relate to likability in the context of the question.

2. The clinical method __________.

• A. allows investigators to see directly the everyday behaviors they hope to explain
• B. must be conducted with large groups of people at the same time Copyright © 2018 Laura E. Berk. All Rights Reserved. 26 Test Bank for Berk, Development Through the Lifespan, 7e
• C. provides little information on how children and adults actually behave
• D. yields richly detailed case narratives that offer valuable insights Answer: D Page Ref: 30 Skill Level: Understand Topic: Studying Development Difficulty Level: Moderate

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The clinical method yields richly detailed case narratives that offer valuable insights. This method involves in-depth interviews, direct observation, and structured interactions to gather detailed information about an individual's behavior and development. It focuses on understanding the unique aspects of an individual's experience and can provide rich insights into behavior and development.

3. According to Erikson, if the psychological conflict of adolescence is resolved negatively, a young person experiences __________.

• A. mistrust
• B. isolation
• C. inferiority
• D. role confusion

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Erikson's theory of psychosocial development states that during adolescence, individuals face the conflict of identity vs. role confusion. If this conflict is resolved negatively, adolescents experience role confusion. Role confusion occurs when adolescents fail to develop a clear sense of identity, leading to uncertainty about their future roles. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because they correspond to earlier stages of Erikson's stages of psychosocial development (mistrust corresponds to infancy, isolation to early adulthood, and inferiority to middle childhood), not adolescence.

4. The effects of stress on the developing organism can be greatly reduced if the expectant mother __________.

• A. has access to social support during stressful periods
• B. takes a low dose of anti-anxiety medication
• C. takes a folic acid supplement early in pregnancy
• D. is placed on bed rest during the last trimester

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Having access to social support during stressful periods can greatly reduce the effects of stress on the developing organism. Social support can provide emotional comfort, practical assistance, and a sense of belonging, which can help the expectant mother cope with stress more effectively. This support system can also help mitigate the negative impact of stress on the developing baby during pregnancy. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because while folic acid is important for prenatal health, it does not directly address the effects of stress. Taking anti-anxiety medication should be done under medical supervision and as a last resort due to potential risks to the developing baby. Bed rest during the last trimester is not a solution to reduce the effects of stress and may not address the underlying causes of stress.

5. Ethnographic research is directed toward understanding a culture through __________ observation.

• A. naturalistic
• B. participant
• C. systematic
• D. structured

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Ethnographic research is directed toward understanding a culture through participant observation. This type of observation involves the researcher immersing themselves in the culture being studied, actively participating in the daily activities and interactions of the group being studied. Through participant observation, researchers can gain a deep and nuanced understanding of the culture from the inside. Choice A, naturalistic observation, typically refers to observing subjects in their natural environment without interference, but it does not involve actively participating in the culture. Choice C, systematic observation, focuses on carefully planned and structured data collection methods but may not involve direct participation. Choice D, structured observation, implies a predefined set of guidelines for observation but lacks the immersive aspect of participant observation.

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