Nursing Elites

1. When discussing the correction of hypospadias in a newborn, what does the nurse explain about this condition?

• A. No intervention is required as the defect will correct itself over time.
• B. Surgical repair of hypospadias is typically performed before 18 months of age.
• C. Corrective surgery is commonly postponed until preschool age.
• D. Repairing the defect does not increase the risk of testicular cancer.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Hypospadias is a congenital condition where the opening of the urethra is on the underside of the penis. Surgical repair is the primary treatment for hypospadias and is usually recommended to be done before 18 months of age. This timing is preferred for optimal cosmetic and functional outcomes. Waiting until preschool age for corrective surgery may increase the complexity of the procedure and potential complications. Correcting hypospadias does not impact the risk of testicular cancer.

2. Which model of practice emphasizes the child's subjective experience of their abilities?

• A. Occupational Adaptation
• B. Model of Human Occupation
• C. Person-Environment-Occupation-Performance Model
• D. Canadian Model of Occupational Performance and Engagement

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The Model of Human Occupation (MOHO) emphasizes the child's subjective experience of their abilities, focusing on their motivation, roles, habits, and routines. It considers how these factors influence their occupational performance. MOHO helps occupational therapists understand how a child's perceptions of their abilities impact their engagement in meaningful activities and occupations.

3. Which is the appropriate intervention when providing care to a child diagnosed with nephrotic syndrome, who is edematous and on bed rest?

• A. Monitor blood pressure every 30 minutes.
• B. Reposition every 2 hours.
• C. Limit visitors.
• D. Encourage fluids.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Repositioning every 2 hours is crucial in preventing skin breakdown in an edematous child on bed rest. This intervention helps redistribute pressure and maintain skin integrity, reducing the risk of pressure ulcers. It is an essential part of care for patients with limited mobility to ensure their comfort and prevent complications related to immobility.

4. Parents are speaking with the urologist about their son's undescended testicle. Which statement by the child's father causes the nurse to determine he understands the information presented?

• A. An undescended testicle can reduce fertility.
• B. The testicle usually descends spontaneously during the first month of life.
• C. Surgical correction reduces the risk for testicular tumors.
• D. The optimal time to surgically correct the condition is at diagnosis.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because an undescended testicle can reduce fertility. Even after surgical correction (orchiopexy), fertility rates may be reduced, especially when one testis remains undescended. The statement in choice B is incorrect as the testicle should have descended into the scrotum by the time the infant is 4-6 months old. While choice C is true that surgical correction can reduce the risk of testicular tumors, the question focuses on the father's understanding of the information presented, which is better reflected in choice A. Choice D is incorrect because the optimal time for surgical correction of an undescended testicle is typically around 6-18 months of age, not necessarily at the time of diagnosis.

5. Which of the following is not a model centered on occupation?

• A. Canadian Model of Occupational Performance and Engagement
• B. Person-Environment-Occupation-Participation
• C. Biomechanical
• D. Model of Human Occupation

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C, the Biomechanical model. This model focuses on the physical aspects of performance rather than occupation. The Canadian Model of Occupational Performance and Engagement, Person-Environment-Occupation-Participation, and Model of Human Occupation are all occupation-centered models used in occupational therapy. The Biomechanical model is more focused on the physical aspects of movement and performance rather than the broader concept of occupation.

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