Nursing Elites

1. What time frame has the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists recommended that pregnant adolescents and women who are not protected against pertussis receive the tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis (Tdap) vaccine?

• A. Between 27 and 36 weeks of gestation or postpartum before discharge from the hospital
• B. During the first prenatal visit when pregnancy is confirmed
• C. The vaccine should be administered 24 hours prior to delivery
• D. This vaccine is only recommended during the first trimester

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists recommend that pregnant adolescents and women without protection against pertussis should receive the Tdap vaccine ideally between 27 and 36 weeks of gestation or postpartum before discharge from the hospital. This timeframe allows for the development of antibodies in the mother to protect her and provide passive immunity to the infant. Administering the vaccine during the first trimester (Choice D) is not recommended as the optimal time is between 27 and 36 weeks. Choice B, during the first prenatal visit, is too early for optimal protection, and Choice C, 24 hours prior to delivery, does not provide enough time for the vaccine to be effective before birth.

2. Clinical manifestations of sodium excess (hypernatremia) include which signs or symptoms?

• A. Hyperreflexia
• B. Abdominal cramps
• C. Cardiac dysrhythmias
• D. Dry, sticky mucous membranes

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Hypernatremia often presents with dry, sticky mucous membranes due to dehydration. Hyperreflexia and abdominal cramps may also occur, but dry mucous membranes are more consistently observed in cases of sodium excess.

3. What may be a clinical manifestation of failure to thrive (FTT) in a 13-month-old include?

• A. Irregularity in activities of daily living
• B. Preferring solid food to milk or formula
• C. Weight that is at or below the 10th percentile
• D. Appropriate achievement of developmental landmarks

Correct answer: C

Rationale: FTT is characterized by weight that falls below the 10th percentile, often accompanied by delayed developmental milestones and poor feeding habits. Regularity in activities and preference for solid food over milk or formula are less commonly associated with FTT.

4. Which information about hemophilia will the nurse include in the teaching plan for the parents of a child diagnosed with hemophilia?

• A. Autosomal dominant disorder in which the blood clotting factors are deficient.
• B. X-linked recessive inherited disorder in which blood clotting factors are deficient.
• C. X-linked recessive inherited disorder involving decreased platelets causing prolonged bleeding.
• D. Autosomal recessive disorder in which the blood clotting factors are deficient.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Hemophilia is an X-linked recessive disorder, primarily affecting males and passed from mothers to sons. It involves a deficiency in clotting factors, leading to prolonged bleeding. Choice A is incorrect as hemophilia is not autosomal dominant. Choice C is incorrect as hemophilia does not involve platelets. Choice D is incorrect as hemophilia is not autosomal recessive.

5. Which clinical manifestations should the nurse anticipate when assessing a child for hypoglycemia?

• A. Lethargy
• B. Thirst
• C. Nausea and vomiting
• D. Shaky feeling and dizziness

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: 'Shaky feeling and dizziness.' Hypoglycemia in children often presents with symptoms like shakiness, dizziness, sweating, hunger, and irritability. These symptoms occur because the brain and body are deprived of the glucose they need to function properly. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because lethargy, thirst, nausea, and vomiting are not typically primary manifestations of hypoglycemia in children.

Similar Questions