Nursing Elites

1. In pediatric patients, what is the primary concern with untreated vesicoureteral reflux (VUR)?

• A. Recurrent UTIs
• B. Chronic renal failure
• C. Hypertension
• D. Bladder dysfunction

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The primary concern with untreated vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) in pediatric patients is chronic renal failure. Untreated VUR can lead to this complication due to recurrent urinary tract infections and kidney damage. While recurrent UTIs (Choice A) are a common consequence of VUR, the ultimate worry is the development of chronic renal failure. Hypertension (Choice C) may occur as a result of renal damage but is not the primary concern. Bladder dysfunction (Choice D) is not the most significant consequence of untreated VUR in terms of long-term outcomes compared to chronic renal failure.

2. If the needs of the infant are met in a loving, consistent manner, the infant will develop a sense of:

• A. Trust
• B. Love
• C. Independence
• D. Responsibility

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Trust. According to Erikson's psychosocial development theory, when infants receive consistent and loving care, they develop trust. This trust forms the basis of the first stage of psychosocial development, known as Trust vs. Mistrust. Trust is essential for healthy social and emotional development. Choice B, Love, is incorrect as it is more of an emotion than a developmental stage. Choice C, Independence, typically occurs later in development during Erikson's Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt stage. Choice D, Responsibility, is also not the correct answer as it relates more to later stages of development where individuals develop a sense of duty and obligation.

3. What information should be given to the parents of a 12-month-old child regarding appropriate play activities for this age?

• A. Give large push-pull toys for kinetic stimulation
• B. Place a cradle gym across the crib to help develop fine motor skills
• C. Provide the child with finger paints to enhance fine motor skills
• D. Provide a stick horse to develop gross motor coordination

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Large push-pull toys are suitable for a 12-month-old as they encourage gross motor skills and physical activity, which are crucial for their development at this age.

4. The nurse is preparing to care for a newborn with an omphalocele. The nurse should understand that care of the infant should include what intervention?

• A. Initiating breast or bottle-feedings to stabilize the blood glucose level
• B. Maintaining pain management with an intravenous opioid
• C. Covering the intact bowel with a nonadherent dressing to prevent injury
• D. Performing immediate surgery

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The priority intervention for an infant with an omphalocele is to cover the intact bowel with a nonadherent dressing to protect the exposed organs and prevent infection. This intervention is crucial to prevent injury and maintain the infant's safety. Initiating feedings or maintaining pain management are not the immediate priorities in the care of an infant with an omphalocele. Performing immediate surgery may be required in the future, but initially, covering the bowel is the first critical step in management.

5. A child who weighs 10 kg is to receive Motrin 8 mg/kg po q4h prn for pain. The label reads 100 mg/5 mL. How much will you administer?

• A. 4 mL
• B. 2 mL
• C. 5 mL
• D. 3 mL

Correct answer: A

Rationale: To calculate the dosage, multiply the child's weight (10 kg) by the dosage (8 mg/kg) which equals 80 mg. Since the concentration is 100 mg/5 mL, to find out how much to administer, you need to determine how many 5 mL doses are in 80 mg. It will be 80 mg ÷ 100 mg * 5 mL = 4 mL. Therefore, the correct answer is 4 mL. Choice B, 2 mL, is incorrect because it does not account for the correct dosage calculation. Choice C, 5 mL, is incorrect as it does not consider the dosage based on the child's weight. Choice D, 3 mL, is incorrect as it does not reflect the accurate dosage calculation.

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