Nursing Elites

1. What is the typical presentation of pyloric stenosis in infants?

• A. Bilious vomiting
• B. Projectile vomiting
• C. Blood in stools
• D. Failure to thrive

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Projectile vomiting. Pyloric stenosis in infants typically presents with projectile vomiting, which is forceful and projective in nature. This occurs due to the obstruction at the pylorus, leading to the stomach being unable to empty properly. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. Bilious vomiting is more commonly associated with intestinal obstruction, blood in stools can occur in conditions such as necrotizing enterocolitis or allergic colitis, and failure to thrive is a nonspecific finding that can be seen in various pediatric conditions.

2. The nurse is caring for a 2-year-old child in the postoperative period. Which pain assessment tool is most appropriate for assessing pain intensity in a 2-year-old?

• A. Poker chip tool
• B. Oucher Scale
• C. Faces Pain Rating Scale
• D. FLACC Behavioral Pain Assessment Scale

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The FLACC Behavioral Pain Assessment Scale is the most suitable tool for assessing pain in 2-year-old children postoperatively. It assesses pain by evaluating facial expression, leg movement, activity, cry, and consolability, making it effective for non-verbal children. The Poker chip tool is not appropriate for this age group. The Oucher Scale and Faces Pain Rating Scale are more suitable for older children who can self-report pain levels.

3. At what age is binocularity, the ability to fixate on one visual field with both eyes simultaneously, typically achieved?

• A. 1 month
• B. 3 to 4 months
• C. 6 to 8 months
• D. 12 months

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Binocularity, the ability to fixate on one visual field with both eyes simultaneously, is typically achieved by the age of 3 to 4 months. Achieving binocularity at 1 month is too early for most infants as their visual system is still developing. Similarly, 6 to 8 months and 12 months are beyond the normal age range for achieving binocularity, and delayed achievement could indicate potential issues like strabismus, which may lead to visual impairment if not addressed.

4. The nurse is assessing a 3-year-old child. Which assessment finding would the nurse identify as abnormal?

• A. Pedals tricycle without assistance
• B. Unscrews a bolt on a toy
• C. Falls when bending over to touch toes
• D. Builds a tower of 10 cubes

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C. Falling when bending over to touch toes could indicate a developmental delay or a balance issue that may need further assessment. Choices A, B, and D are typical developmental milestones for a 3-year-old child. Pedaling a tricycle without assistance, unscrewing a bolt on a toy, and building a tower of 10 cubes are all age-appropriate activities for a child of this age.

5. The nurse is interviewing the father of a 10-month-old girl. The child is playing on the floor when she notices an electrical outlet and reaches up to touch it. Her father says no firmly and moves her away from the outlet. The nurse should use this opportunity to teach the father what?

• A. That the child should be given a time-out
• B. That the child is old enough to understand the word no
• C. That the child will learn safety issues better if she is spanked
• D. That the child should already know that electrical outlets are dangerous

Correct answer: B

Rationale: At 10 months, children are beginning to understand simple commands like "no." It is important for parents to reinforce this understanding consistently to help the child learn about boundaries and safety.

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