Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following conditions is characterized by a 'machine-like' murmur in children?

• A. Patent ductus arteriosus
• B. Ventricular septal defect
• C. Atrial septal defect
• D. Coarctation of the aorta

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A, Patent ductus arteriosus. This condition is characterized by a continuous 'machine-like' murmur due to abnormal blood flow between the aorta and pulmonary artery. Ventricular septal defect (choice B) is characterized by a harsh holosystolic murmur, atrial septal defect (choice C) typically presents with a fixed split S2 and a pulmonary flow murmur, and coarctation of the aorta (choice D) is associated with a systolic murmur in the back and bilateral lower extremities.

2. A breastfed infant is being seen in the clinic for a 6-month checkup. The mother tells the nurse that the infant recently began to suck her thumb. Which is the best nursing intervention?

• A. Reassure the mother that this is normal at this age
• B. Recommend the mother substitute a pacifier for her thumb
• C. Assess the infant for other signs of sensory deprivation
• D. Suggest the mother breastfeed the infant more often to satisfy her sucking needs

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Thumb sucking is a normal self-soothing behavior in infants and usually does not indicate a problem. Reassuring the mother that this is normal is the appropriate response.

3. The nurse is presenting a staff development program about understanding culture in the healthcare encounter. Which components should the nurse include in the program? (Select all that apply.)

• A. Cultural humility
• B. All are applicable
• C. Cultural sensitivity
• D. Cultural competency

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Cultural humility, sensitivity, and competency are key components in providing culturally competent care in healthcare encounters.

4. The nurse is teaching parents of a child with gastroesophageal reflux (GER) disease about foods that can exacerbate acid reflux. What foods should be included in the teaching session?

• A. Citrus
• B. All of the above
• C. Spicy foods
• D. Peppermint

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: All of the above. Citrus, spicy foods, and peppermint are known to exacerbate GER symptoms by increasing acid production or relaxing the lower esophageal sphincter. Therefore, these foods should be avoided by a child with GER disease. Bananas, on the other hand, are generally safe and do not contribute to acid reflux. Choice B is correct because all the mentioned foods can worsen GER symptoms, while bananas are considered safe.

5. Which is an accurate description of homosexual (or gay-lesbian) families?

• A. A nurturing environment is lacking.
• B. The children become homosexual like their parents.
• C. The stability needed to raise healthy children is lacking.
• D. The quality of parenting is equivalent to that of nongay parents.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Research shows that the quality of parenting in homosexual families is equivalent to that in heterosexual families, and children thrive in nurturing environments provided by same-sex parents.

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