at which age can most infants sit steadily unsupported

ATI RN

Nursing Care of Children ATI

1. At which age can most infants sit steadily unsupported?

A. 4 months
B. 6 months
C. 8 months
D. 12 months

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Most infants can sit steadily without support by 8 months, indicating advanced gross motor skill development.

2. A Hispanic toddler has pneumonia. The nurse notices that the parent consistently feeds the child only the broth that comes on the clear liquid tray. Food items, such as Jell-O, Popsicles, and juices, are left. Which statement best explains this?

A. The parent is trying to feed the child only what the child likes most
B. Hispanics believe the evil eye enters when a person gets cold
C. The parent is trying to restore normal balance through appropriate hot remedies
D. Hispanics believe an innate energy called chi is strengthened by eating soup

Correct answer: C

Rationale: In Hispanic culture, the balance between hot and cold is important, and the parent may be giving the child broth to restore this balance while avoiding "cold" foods.

3. A new parent, when asked by a nurse, explains that the 4-month-old infant has been nursing regularly every 3 to 4 hours and seems satisfied. However, the parent recently introduced solid food in the form of unbuttered popcorn to the infant as a supplement. What should be the primary nursing concern in this situation?

A. Imbalanced nutrition, more than body requirements, related to introduction of a high-calorie food
B. Risk for aspiration related to feeding the infant an inappropriate food
C. Imbalanced nutrition, less than body requirements, related to introduction of a low-nutritive food
D. Readiness for enhanced nutrition, related to the age of the infant

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The primary nursing concern in this situation is the risk for aspiration. Popcorn is a choking hazard for infants, as their airway is not fully developed to handle solid foods like popcorn. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because the main focus should be on the immediate risk of aspiration due to the inappropriate solid food given to the infant, rather than on nutritional imbalances or readiness for enhanced nutrition.

4. In teaching the parent of a newly diagnosed 2-year-old child with pyelonephritis related to vesicoureteral reflux (VUR), the nurse should include which information?

A. Limit fluids to reduce reflux.
B. Give cranberry juice twice a day.
C. Have siblings examined for VUR.
D. Surgery is indicated to reverse scarring.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Siblings should be examined for VUR as it can run in families, and early detection can prevent complications. Limiting fluids is not advisable, and cranberry juice is not effective in preventing VUR. Surgery is usually not indicated for scarring reversal.

5. The nurse is preparing to administer a measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella (MMRV) vaccine. Which is a contraindication associated with administering this vaccine?

A. The child has recently been exposed to an infectious disease
B. The child has symptoms of a cold but no fever
C. The child is having intermittent episodes of diarrhea
D. The child has a disorder that causes a deficient immune system

Correct answer: D

Rationale: A compromised immune system is a contraindication for the MMRV vaccine because it is a live attenuated vaccine and could potentially cause an infection in an immunocompromised child.