Nursing Elites

1. What role does culture play in understanding abnormal behavior?

• A. Culture plays a minimal role in understanding abnormal behavior.
• B. Culture is essential in shaping our perceptions and definitions of abnormal behavior.
• C. Culture has little impact on the expression of abnormal behavior.
• D. Culture only affects the treatment of abnormal behavior, not its understanding.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Culture is essential in shaping our perceptions and definitions of abnormal behavior. Choice A is incorrect because culture actually plays a significant role in understanding abnormal behavior. Choice C is incorrect as culture can have a considerable impact on how abnormal behavior is expressed. Choice D is incorrect because culture influences not only the treatment but also the understanding of abnormal behavior.

2. Who proposed that the study of consciousness should be replaced by the study of behavior?

• A. John Watson
• B. Abraham Maslow
• C. G. Stanley Hall
• D. Sigmund Freud

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is John Watson. Watson, a key figure in behaviorism, believed that psychology should focus on observable behavior rather than consciousness. Abraham Maslow is known for his hierarchy of needs theory and humanistic psychology, not for advocating the study of behavior over consciousness. G. Stanley Hall was a pioneer in psychology but did not propose replacing the study of consciousness with behavior. Sigmund Freud, a prominent figure in psychoanalysis, focused on the unconscious mind rather than behavior.

3. Normal human cells have ________.

• A. twenty-two chromosome pairs and one pair of sex chromosomes.
• B. twenty-one trisomy chromosome pairs, one autosomal pair, and one pair of sex chromosomes.
• C. twenty-one chromosome pairs and two trisomy chromosome pairs.
• D. twenty-three chromosome pairs.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A. Normal human cells have twenty-two chromosome pairs and one pair of sex chromosomes. This adds up to a total of 46 chromosomes. Choice B is incorrect as it mentions twenty-one trisomy chromosome pairs, which is not a characteristic of normal human cells. Choice C is also incorrect as it states twenty-one chromosome pairs and two trisomy chromosome pairs, which is not accurate for normal human cells. Choice D is incorrect as it mentions twenty-three chromosome pairs, which is not the correct number for normal human cells.

4. How does stress impact brain function?

• A. Stress has no effect on brain function.
• B. Stress can lead to changes in brain structure and function.
• C. Stress can improve brain function.
• D. Stress has no long-term impact on brain function.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Stress can lead to changes in brain structure and function, affecting mental health and increasing the risk of disorders. Choice A is incorrect as stress does affect brain function. Choice C is incorrect as stress generally has negative impacts on brain function rather than improving it. Choice D is incorrect because stress can have long-term impacts on brain function through structural and functional changes.

5. Children from lower-SES families ________.

• A. are more likely to be resilient adults than those from higher-SES families.
• B. show no signs of ill effects if there is an increase in SES before age 5.
• C. are not affected by SES status unless persistent employment is the reason for the economic hardships of the family.
• D. are less likely to show ill effects of SES status if they possess a high IQ and develop healthy attachments to adults and peers.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Children from lower-SES families are less likely to show ill effects of SES status if they possess a high IQ and develop healthy attachments. Choice A is incorrect because children from lower-SES families typically face more challenges and are not inherently more resilient. Choice B is incorrect as an increase in SES may not erase the effects of early socioeconomic disadvantages. Choice C is incorrect as SES status can impact children from lower-SES families regardless of the reason for economic hardships.

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