Nursing Elites

1. What is the most common cause of bronchiolitis in infants?

• A. Adenovirus
• B. Influenza virus
• C. Respiratory syncytial virus
• D. Parainfluenza virus

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C, Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). RSV is the leading cause of bronchiolitis, a common respiratory condition in infants that results in inflammation of the small airways in the lung. It is highly contagious and can cause severe respiratory distress in young children, particularly those under 2 years old. Choice A, Adenovirus, is not the most common cause of bronchiolitis in infants. Choice B, Influenza virus, may cause respiratory infections but is not the primary cause of bronchiolitis. Choice D, Parainfluenza virus, can cause croup and other upper respiratory infections but is not the main cause of bronchiolitis in infants.

2. What condition is the most common cause of acute renal failure in children?

• A. Pyelonephritis
• B. Tubular destruction
• C. Severe dehydration
• D. Upper tract obstruction

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Severe dehydration is the most common cause of acute renal failure in children, as it leads to prerenal azotemia, which can progress to renal failure if not corrected. Other causes like pyelonephritis and tubular destruction are less common and usually secondary to other conditions.

3. A 12-year-old child had an appendectomy 18 hours ago. The nurse is monitoring the child for pain control. Which of the following tools is most appropriate for assessing the child’s pain?

• A. FLACC scale
• B. Numeric scale
• C. NIPS scale
• D. FACES scale

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The Numeric scale is the most appropriate tool for assessing pain in older children, like a 12-year-old, as they can comprehend and use numbers to indicate their pain levels accurately. The FLACC scale is typically used for nonverbal or preverbal children. The NIPS scale is designed for neonates and infants. The FACES scale is more commonly used in younger children who may have difficulty expressing their pain in other ways.

4. A 12-year-old girl has recently begun menstruating and is well into puberty. The child is visiting the health care provider today for a routine physical examination. Which finding should cause concern in the nurse?

• A. Breasts of slightly different sizes
• B. Irregular periods
• C. Vulvar irritation
• D. Supernumerary nipple

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Vulvar irritation may indicate an infection or other issues and should be further evaluated. In a pubescent girl, breasts of slightly different sizes and irregular periods are common variations of normal development. Supernumerary nipple, an extra nipple, is a benign condition that is not typically concerning during puberty.

5. The physician tells the parents of a 2-year-old that the child probably has RSV. The parents ask how the diagnosis will be confirmed. How should the nurse respond?

• A. We will swab your child's nose and send the secretions for testing.
• B. There is no specific test for RSV. The diagnosis is based on symptoms.
• C. We will send a viral culture to an outside lab for testing.
• D. There is no specific test for RSV. The diagnosis is based on symptoms.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A. RSV is typically diagnosed by swabbing the nose and testing the secretions. This method helps confirm the presence of the respiratory syncytial virus. Choice B is incorrect because while symptoms are important in diagnosis, specific tests like swabbing for RSV do exist. Choice C is incorrect as sending a viral culture to an outside lab is not the primary method for diagnosing RSV. Choice D is a duplicate of choice B and is incorrect for the same reasons.

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