ATI RN
ATI Nursing Care of Children
1. Rectal temperatures are indicated in which situation?
- A. In the newborn period
- B. Whenever accuracy is essential
- C. Rectal temperatures are never indicated
- D. When rapid temperature changes are occurring
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Rectal temperatures provide the most accurate measurement of core body temperature and are therefore indicated when accuracy is essential.
2. Which of the following diuretics inhibits sodium reabsorption in the kidneys while sparing K+ and hydrogen ions?
- A. Spironolactone
- B. Furosemide
- C. Hydrochlorothiazide
- D. Bumetanide
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Spironolactone is the correct answer as it is classified as a potassium-sparing diuretic. It works by inhibiting sodium reabsorption in the kidneys while promoting the retention of potassium and hydrogen ions. This mechanism of action helps in reducing fluid retention without causing excessive loss of potassium, which is a common side effect of other diuretics. Furosemide (choice B), Hydrochlorothiazide (choice C), and Bumetanide (choice D) are not correct as they are not potassium-sparing diuretics. Furosemide and Bumetanide are loop diuretics that inhibit sodium, potassium, and chloride reabsorption in the loop of Henle. Hydrochlorothiazide is a thiazide diuretic that inhibits sodium and chloride reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubule, leading to potassium loss.
3. The nurse is assessing a client who had a cast placed 4 hours ago. What assessment finding is cause for concern?
- A. The nurse assesses capillary refill of 2 seconds
- B. The nurse cannot insert one finger between the cast and the skin
- C. The nurse finds 2+ pulses distal from the cast
- D. The nurse does not observe any drainage
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Inability to insert a finger between the cast and skin indicates the cast is too tight, risking circulation problems.
4. Nurse Lisa is assessing a client who has just completed radiation therapy to the neck area. Which of the following findings is most concerning?
- A. Erythema in the treated area
- B. Difficulty swallowing
- C. Dry, peeling skin
- D. Hoarseness
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Difficulty swallowing (dysphagia) following radiation therapy to the neck area is a significant concern because it can indicate serious complications such as esophageal stricture, inflammation, or damage to the surrounding tissues, including the esophagus. This can lead to malnutrition, dehydration, or aspiration, all of which require prompt intervention. Radiation therapy can cause irritation and scarring in the esophageal and throat tissues, which may progressively worsen if not treated. Therefore, dysphagia should be addressed immediately to prevent further complications.
5. The canola plant's genome is altered to produce an herbicide-resistant crop. The canola oil produced from this crop is an example of a:
- A. pesticide-free food.
- B. saturated fat food.
- C. genetically modified food.
- D. product that is pure.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: genetically modified food. Canola plants with altered genomes to be herbicide-resistant are an example of genetically modified organisms (GMOs). Genetically modified foods have their genetic material modified for various purposes, such as enhancing resistance to pests, herbicides, or improving nutritional content. Choice A, 'pesticide-free food,' is incorrect because genetic modification does not necessarily make the food pesticide-free. Choice B, 'saturated fat food,' is incorrect as it does not relate to the genetic modification of the canola plant. Choice D, 'product that is pure,' is too vague and does not specifically address the genetic modification aspect of the canola plant.
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