ATI RN
ATI Nursing Care of Children 2019 B
1. What is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in children with cystic fibrosis?
- A. Respiratory infections
- B. Malnutrition
- C. Diabetes
- D. Liver disease
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Respiratory infections are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in children with cystic fibrosis. Cystic fibrosis primarily affects the respiratory system, leading to thick mucus buildup in the lungs, which predisposes these children to recurrent respiratory infections. Malnutrition and diabetes are common comorbidities in cystic fibrosis but are not the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in affected children. Liver disease can occur in cystic fibrosis but is less common than respiratory complications.
2. Which standardized test would be most appropriate for assessing the motor development of a 2-month-old infant in a high-risk clinic?
- A. Peabody Developmental Motor Scale (PDMS-2)
- B. Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency (BOT-2)
- C. Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Index (PEDI)
- D. School Assessment of Motor and Process Skills (School-AMPS)
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The Peabody Developmental Motor Scale (PDMS-2) is specifically designed to assess the motor development of infants and young children, making it the most appropriate choice for evaluating a 2-month-old infant in a high-risk clinic setting.
3. A person who consumes mostly pre-packaged meals is likely consuming too much ____.
- A. iron
- B. zinc
- C. sodium
- D. riboflavin
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Pre-packaged meals often contain high levels of sodium, which can contribute to hypertension and other health issues when consumed in excess.
4. Which ethnic group has the lowest rates of type 2 diabetes?
- A. Caucasians
- B. Asian Indians
- C. Pacific Islanders
- D. African Americans
Correct answer: A: Caucasians
Rationale: Statistical data suggest that Caucasians generally have lower rates of type 2 diabetes compared to the other ethnic groups listed in the choices. This is not to say that Caucasians are immune to the disease, but rather that they have fewer reported instances. On the other hand, African Americans and Pacific Islanders are often identified as groups with a significantly higher risk and prevalence of type 2 diabetes. Asian Indians also exhibit higher rates compared to Caucasians. It is important to note that these are general trends observed in statistical data, and individual health outcomes can vary based on various factors such as lifestyle, diet, and genetics, among others. Therefore, the correct answer is A: Caucasians because they generally have the lowest rates of type 2 diabetes when compared to the other ethnic groups mentioned.
5. A nurse is caring for a client who has dehydration. The client has a peripheral IV and a prescription for an infusion of 0.9% sodium chloride 1,000 mL with 40 mEq potassium chloride to infuse over 1 hr. Which of the following actions should the nurse take first?
- A. Teach the client to report findings of IV extravasation
- B. Evaluate the patency of the IV
- C. Consult with the pharmacist about the prescription
- D. Verify the prescription with the provider
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The nurse's priority action should be to verify the prescription with the provider. This is crucial to prevent injury from fluid volume overload and rapid potassium infusion. Verifying the prescription ensures that the correct solution, rate, and additives are ordered according to the client's condition. While evaluating the patency of the IV is important, verifying the prescription takes precedence to ensure patient safety. Consulting with the pharmacist can be beneficial, but confirming the prescription with the provider is the immediate priority. Teaching the client about IV extravasation is important but is not the first action the nurse should take in this scenario.
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