the nurse is performing an assessment on a 10 week old infant the nurse understands that the developmental characteristic of hearing at this age is wh

ATI RN

Nursing Care of Children ATI

1. The nurse is performing an assessment on a 10-week-old infant. The nurse understands that the developmental characteristic of hearing at this age is which?

A. The infant responds to his own name.
B. The infant localizes sounds by turning his head directly to the sound.
C. The infant turns his head to the side when sound is made at the level of the ear.
D. The infant locates sound by turning his head to the side and then looking up or down.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: By 10 weeks, infants typically turn their heads to the side to locate the source of a sound made at ear level.

2. Physiological anorexia in toddlerhood occurs because of:

A. Decreased appetite and decreased nutritional need
B. Decreased appetite and increased nutritional need
C. Increased appetite and lack of food preferences
D. Increased appetite and strong food preferences

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Physiological anorexia in toddlers occurs due to a decreased appetite as growth rates slow down. Choice A is correct because it aligns with the concept that toddlers experience a natural decrease in appetite as their growth rate decreases. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they suggest increased appetite or other factors not associated with physiological anorexia in toddlerhood.

3. Why are neonates predisposed to problems with thermoregulation?

A. Renal function is not fully developed.
B. Flexed posture favors heat loss.
C. A large body surface area favors heat loss to the environment.
D. A thick layer of subcutaneous fat provides excellent insulation.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Neonates have a large surface area relative to their weight, which makes them prone to heat loss to the environment, leading to thermoregulation issues. The underdeveloped kidney affecting urine concentration (Choice A) is unrelated to the thermal regulation process. While a flexed posture can help retain heat (Choice B), it does not outweigh the impact of the large body surface area in neonates. Although subcutaneous fat (Choice D) provides insulation, in neonates, the large body surface area is more significant in contributing to heat loss than the fat's insulating properties.

4. A 12-year-old child is injured in a bicycle accident. When considering the possibility of renal trauma, the nurse should consider what factor?

A. Flank pain rarely occurs in children with renal injuries.
B. Few nonpenetrating injuries cause renal trauma in children.
C. Kidneys are immobile, well protected, and rarely injured in children.
D. The amount of hematuria is not a reliable indicator of the seriousness of renal injury.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The amount of hematuria is not a reliable indicator of the severity of renal trauma, as even minor injuries can cause significant bleeding, while severe injuries may result in little or no visible blood. Renal trauma should be evaluated through imaging and clinical assessment.

5. Evidence-based practice (EBP), a decision-making model, is best described as which?

A. Using information in textbooks to guide care
B. Combining knowledge with clinical experience and intuition
C. Using a professional code of ethics as a means for decision-making
D. Gathering all evidence that applies to the child’s health and family situation

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Evidence-based practice involves gathering and integrating all relevant evidence to guide clinical decision-making, ensuring that care is based on the best available research.